The cell surface of Azospirillum brasilense was probed by using fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-labeled lectins, with binding determined by fluorescence-activated flow cytometry. Cells from nitrogen-fixing or ammonium-assimilating cultures reacted similarly to FITC-labeled lectins, with lectin binding in the following order: Griffonia simplicifolia II agglutinin > Griffonia simplicifolia I ag...

The cell adhesion protein alpha-agglutinin is bound to the outer surface of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae cell wall and mediates cell-cell contact in mating. alpha-Agglutinin is modified by addition of a glycosyl phosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor as it traverses the secretory pathway. The presence of a GPI anchor is essential for cross-linking into the wall, but the fatty acid and inositol compo...

BACKGROUND The group-specific component protein-derived macrophage-activating factor (GcMAF) has various biological activities, such as macrophage activation and antitumor activity. Clinical trials of GcMAF have been carried out for metastatic breast cancer, prostate cancer, and metastatic colorectal cancer. In this study, despite the complicated purification process of GcMAF, we used enzymatic...

BACKGROUND/AIM Colostrum contains antibodies, such as immunoglobulin G (IgG), immunoglobulin A (IgA) and immunoglobulin M (IgM), and, therefore, has potent immunomodulating activity. In particular, IgA has an O-linked sugar chain similar to that in the group-specific component (Gc) protein, a precursor of the Gc protein-derived macrophage-activating factor (GcMAF). In the present study, we inve...

The distribution of glycoconjugates in the chicken mandibular gland was studied by means of light microscopic histochemical methods. The staining procedures employed were horseradish peroxidase conjugated lectin, Alcian blue pH 2.5-periodic acid-Schiff (AB pH 2.5-PAS), and high iron diamine-alcian blue pH 2.5 (HID-AB pH 2.5). The lectins used in the present study were Concanavalin A (Con A), Ri...

Glycoconjugates involved in many functions are produced by cell types. This study aimed to investigate the glycoconjugate expression Oscar fish (Astronotus ocellatus) gills using five horseradish peroxidase-conjugated lectins. revealed that gill epithelial cells react with Canavalia ensiformis agglutinin (Con A) and Arachis hypogaea (PNA). Strong reaction Con A was seen of primary lamellae. Epi...

t. ikawa obtained an ordinary differential equation for the circular helix. recently, the helix havebeen investigated by many differential geometers such as t. ikawa, h. balgetir, m. bektas, m. ergut, n.ekmekci and h. h. hacısalihoglu. in this paper, making use of this author’s methods, we obtainedcharacterizations of helix for a curve with respect to the frenet frame in 3-dimensional galilean ...

BETA2/NeuroD1 is a basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor that is expressed widely throughout the developing nervous system. Previous studies have shown that BETA2/NeuroD1 influences the fate of retinal cells in culture. To analyze the effect of BETA2/NeuroD1 on the structure and function of the retina, we examined a line of BETA2/NeuroD1 knock-out mice that survives until adulthood. At 2-...

Seven types of ferritinized lectin were used to examine the distribution of glycoconjugates on the outer segment membranes of lamprey photoreceptor cells. Ultrastructural pre-embedding labeling revealed that peanut agglutinin, soybean agglutinin and Ricinus communis agglutinin I were preferentially bound to the proximal, lateral and luminal surfaces of the long cell outer segments, whereas Grif...

A fluoresceinated lectin binding assay was employed to detect carbohydrates on the sheath and cuticle of mature in vivo-derived, and immature in utero-derived Brugia pahangi microfilariae. The sheath of mature microfilariae bound concanavalin A and wheat germ agglutinin, indicating the presence of N-acetylglucosamine and glucose or mannose. In addition to binding concanavalin A and wheat germ a...