Five nonoverlapping antigenic sites (sites I through V) of woodchuck hepatitis virus surface antigen were identified with competitive binding assays involving monoclonal antibodies. Site I contributed to cross-reactions among surface antigens of hepatitis B-like viruses infecting woodchucks, ground squirrels, and humans. At least three distinct sites (sites I, II, and III) are responsible for c...

This study assessed the seroepidemiology of Toxoplasma gondii, Hepatitis B Virus and their co-infection infection in women of child-bearing age in communities in Osun State, Nigeria. The study also determines the factors that facilitate the organisms among the studied groups and possible interaction between the prevalence of infection and the risk factors. These were done with a view to providi...

Introduction:Blood-borne infectious agents are one of the main anxieties of Blood Transfusion Organization in all countries. According to WHO, the blood healthy and blood safety is included ensuring and monitoring of quality and efficiency for all patients requiring blood transfusion. We at the current study intend that survey prevalence HIV Ab, HCV Ab, HBS Ag Among blood donors refer to the Bl...

An increasing number of internationally adopted children is coming to Italy, and their immunization status is unknown. We evaluated the immunization status of such children in Palermo, Italy. We searched for the presence of a BCG scar in 88 children, 49 boys and 39 girls (mean age 76+/-32 months), most of whom (98%) came from Eastern Europe. Presence of BCG scar was observed in 59 (67.1%) of th...

The prevalence of hepatitis A virus antibodies was tested by radioimmunoassay in Norway in healthy blood donors, in patients without clinical signs of liver diseases and in two selected groups of patients. The presence of hepatitis A antibodies was highly age-dependent in 625 normal persons. A major reduction occurred from 50 per cent or more in those born before 1938 to 10 per cent or less amo...

Background: Infection with hepatitis B, C, and delta viruses (HBV/HCV/HDV) caused by mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) is still a serious health problem worldwide. Coinfection HBV/HDV or HCV has been shown to accelerate the progression of chronic HBV infection, resulting in higher mortality. Objectives: The aim this study was evaluate prevalence anti-HCV, anti-HDV, anti-HIV antibodies mothers...

Vaccination is the most effective and well-tolerated method of conferring long-term protection against hepatitis A and B viruses (HAV; HBV). Long-term studies are required to characterize the duration of protection and need for boosters. Following primary immunization of 150 and 157 healthy adults with 3-doses of combined hepatitis A/hepatitis B vaccine (HAB; Twinrix™, GSK Vaccines, Belgium) at...

diagnosis of hepatitis b is routinely based on of serological assay of hepatitis b surface antigen (hbsag). occult hepatitis b virus (hbv) infection is generally defined as the detection of hbv -dna in the serum or tissues of subjects who have negative test for hbsag. transmission of hbv infection has been documented from hbsag negative, anti-hbc positive blood and organ donors. the aim of this...