To study the long-term usefulness of genetically-modified agriculture via herbicide-tolerant crops, a simulation model is built by focusing on the fundamental environmental feedback mechanisms. The most critical mechanism is the evolution of resistance in weeds via natural selection. Agricultural sustainability is investigated under different policies and scenarios, in comparison with conventio...

In order to investigate physiological and biochemical changes of wheat under stress residue of Imazethapyr herbicide (Imazethapyr), an experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with four replications in greenhouse conditions at university of Mohaghegh Ardebili. The treatments consisted of five dose levels of herbicide Imazethapyr (0, 0.011, 0.022, 0.033 and 0.044 micrograms of ...

Reniform nematode (Rotylenchulus reniformis) resistance is being transferred to Gossypium hirsutum from its distant relatives. Reports of fluometuron damage to LONREN lines with nematode resistance from G. longicalyx raised concerns about introducing herbicide sensitivity from other nematode resistance sources. The research objective was to evaluate 15 sources of reniform nematode resistance fo...

Target-site and non-target-site herbicide tolerance are caused by the prevention of herbicide binding to the target enzyme and the reduction to a nonlethal dose of herbicide reaching the target enzyme, respectively. There is little information on the molecular mechanisms involved in non-target-site herbicide tolerance, although it poses the greater threat in the evolution of herbicide-resistant...

The interaction between environment and genetic traits under selection is the basis of evolution. In this study, we have investigated the genetic basis of herbicide resistance in a highly characterized initially herbicide-susceptible Lolium rigidum population recurrently selected with low (below recommended label) doses of the herbicide diclofop-methyl. We report the variability in herbicide re...

Garlic mustard, an invasive exotic biennial herb, has been identified in the Upper Peninsula of Michigan, but is not yet widely distributed. We tested the effectiveness and impact of management tools for garlic mustard in northern hardwood forests. Six treatment types (no treatment control, hand-pull, herbicide, hand-pull/herbicide, scorch, and hand-pull/scorch) were applied within a northern h...

Herbicide resistant crops are commercially advantageous for efficient field productivity by enabling use of nonselective herbicides for weed management. Herbicide resistant trees could be used to improve productivity and reduce the costs of forest management through to the first and second years post tree establishment. We describe the introduction of the phosphinothricin acetyltransferase (bar...

Methods for woody plant herbicide screening were assayed with the goal of reducing resources and time required to conduct preliminary screenings for new products. Rapid screening methods tested included greenhouse seedling screening, germinal screening, and seed screening. Triclopyr and eight experimental herbicides from Dow AgroSciences (DAS 313, 402, 534, 548, 602, 729, 779, and 896) were tes...

Genetic modification of crop plants has promoted concerns about potential environmental effects of this new technology. In this essay, I will discuss the environmental effects of genetic modification of crop plants using herbicide resistance as an example. Considering herbicide resistance as an old agricultural trait, it is difficult to find any reason to assess the environmental risks of genet...