This paper has examined the pattern of protection of plant varieties and the early impact of plant variety protection (PVP) on Indian seed industry. The results have shown a positive response by all the actors involved in seed provision, viz. public research institutes, private seed companies, and farmers in terms of participation in protection of varieties. To measure the concentration of priv...

Theories of the hospital market view hospitals as competing for patients, physicians and third-party payers simultaneously. The competition involves such elements as price, quality, convenience, technology and innovation and the effects of the competition in the market affect the quality of care, clinical outcomes, cost of services, access as well as patient satisfaction. The purpose of the pap...

This paper aims to evaluate the impact of several indices of market structure including entry to barrier, economies of scale and concentration degree on 140 active industries using the digit. Accordingly, we apply three methods including cost disadvantages ratio ( ), Herfindahl–Hirschman concentration index ( ) and Comanor and Willson criterion in order to assess the economies of scale and usin...

A Herfindahl index of constructed from shares based on count data where the number of counts is small will generally be biased downward because of the statistical properties of count data and Jensen’s inequality. This note suggests a simple correction for the bias and illustrates its applicability when using measures based on patent data and patent citation data.

Abstract The aim of the paper is to determine whether audit market for public interest entities in Czech and Slovak Republic has been still concentrated subsequently measure concentration. article consists data including information from that perform statutory Slovakia on timeline 2017–2020. On level competition identified by Herfindahl-Hirschman Index CR4 Index, using revenues as a basis calcu...

Consistent terminology can positively influence communication, information transfer, and proper understanding. In multilingual written communication processes, challenges are augmented due to translation variants. The main aim of this study was implement the Herfindahl-Hirshman Index (HHI) for assessment translated in parallel corpora evaluation terminology. This research conducted on three typ...

This paper investigates the pricing of patented traits in the U.S. hybrid corn seed market under imperfect competition. In a multiproduct context, we first examine how substitution/complementarity relationships among products can affect pricing. This is used to motivate multi-product generalizations of the Herfindahl-Hirschman index (GHHI) capturing cross-market effects of imperfect competition...

This paper examines the development and comparison of competition concentration in banking insurance sector Czech Republic during 2007-2019 period using Herfindahl-Hirschman index (HH index). In empirical section we calculate degree indexes separately for markets, where main variable relation to banks is balance sheet this gross written premium companies. Subsequently, compare two examined sect...