A 19-year-old female in her 2nd trimester (17 weeks) of pregnancy became irritable a few days before admission. She became unable to open her mouth and could not talk. She was admitted to the psychiatric hospital due to a rapid change in behavior and a consciousness disturbance. She was diagnosed as having schizophrenia by a psychiatrist. Her EEG showed diffuse high voltage and slow waves. Acut...

INTRODUCTION An infection by herpes zoster virus is a common and important cause of encephalitis. Herpes zoster virus encephalitis if not treated promptly can result in significant morbidity and mortality. The diagnosis of herpes zoster virus encephalitis is based on clinical history, examination, neuroradiological imaging (magnetic resonance imaging and/or computed tomography scan), cerebrospi...

The development of resistance to disease with increasing age is recognized in many viral infections of man and experimental animals (see reviews by Blmaet, reference 1, and Sigel, reference 2). Metabolic and hormonal changes, antibody response, inhibitory substances, anatomical developments, and interferon production have all been suggested to explain this development of resistance (2, 3). Resi...

Case report We present the case of a 41 year-old male, diagnosed with syphilitic encephalitis, in whom cerebral magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated preponderant involvement of bilateral temporal lobes, for this point of view raising differential diagnostic concerns with Herpes virus encephalitis. We also identified multiple encephalitis foci: hippocampus, lentiform nucleus, left thalamus, l...

Hiroshi Shoji1, Noriyuki Kimura2, Toshihide Kumamoto2, Takashi Ichiyama3 and Yukitoshi Takahashi4 1Division of Neurology, St. Mary Hospital, Fukuoka 830-8543, 2Department of Internal Medicine III, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Oita, 3Department of Pediatrics, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Yamaguchi, 4National Epilepsy Center, Shizuoka Institute of Epilepsy and Neurol...

A polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to detect herpes simplex virus (HSV) deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) in CSF of 109 patients with possible herpes simplex encephalitis. HSV DNA was found in 20/109 patients. In 14 of these patients the diagnosis was confirmed by a rise in CSF antibodies, isolation of HSV from the brain, or both. In 3 patients CSF antibodies did not rise and 3 patients did n...

Microglial nodules associated with opportunistic and HIV-related lesions are frequently found in the brains of AIDS patients. However, in many cases, the causative agent is only presumptively suspected. We reviewed 199 brains of AIDS patients with micronodular lesions to clarify their etiology by immunohistochemistry (to Toxoplasma gondii, cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex virus I/II, varicella z...