This paper describes the development of a low-power electrocardiogram (ECG) touch sensor intended for the use with two dry metal electrodes. An equivalent ECG extraction circuit model encountered in a ground-free two-electrode configuration is investigated for an optimal sensor read-out circuit design criteria. From the equivalent circuit model, (1) maximum sensor resolution is derived based on...

A new approach to the design of an instrumentation amplifier using only 2 CMOS current-controlled conveyors and an active resistor is introduced. The new approach, which has no passive components, offers a wide bandwidth and a high common-mode rejection ratio (CMRR). Electronically controllable gain by voltage and current is also obtained by this new circuit. The circuit is simulated using the ...

Differential measurements yield signals that are conditioned by differential or fully circuits which output depends on both the differential- and common-mode input voltages. carry desired information but voltages a nuisance their contribution to signal becomes an interference is usually evaluated from ratio between respective gains for voltages, Common-Mode Rejection Ratio (CMRR). Usually, only...

<p>In this paper, a complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) instrumental amplifier was designed and implemented in order to provide the possibility of controlling current voltage gain. The proposed instrumentation consists three conveyors with active resistor. parasitic resistance value (Rx) reduced large bandwidth level addition achieving high common mode rejection ratio (CMRR). S...

The Balanced Differential Amplifiers play a most important role as basic building block in instrumentation amplifier circuit. One of the characteristic of a differential amplifier, the common mode rejection ratio (CMRR) is most important. The active load used for balanced differential amplifier is going to affect differential gain, thus CMRR of the circuit. The active load used can be a diode c...

This paper presents design concept of Operational Transconductance Amplifier (OTA). The 0.18μm CMOS process is used for design and simulation of this OTA. This OTA having a biasing current of 15.6 μA with supply voltage ±1.25 V. The design and simulation of this OTA is done using CADENCE Spectre environment with UMC 0.18 μm technology file. The simulation results of this OTA shows that the open...