chaos theory discusses unstable and non-periodic behavior of non-linear fluctuating dynamicsystems. since evaporation level variations of lakes have a dynamic identity, chaos theory can have a uniquerole in collecting data of these variations. therefore it is an important and challenging problem in the field ofplanning and qualitative and quantitative management of urmia lake to verify whether ...

Energetic, structural, and dynamical properties of solid-to-liquid and liquid-to-vapor interfaces and molecular evaporation and condensation processes from high-temperature liquid n-C6Ht4 and n-Ct6Hs4 films were investigated with molecular dynamics simulations. For hexadecane all evaporation events occurred via monomers while for hexane, evaporation of monomers as well as dimers were observed. ...

A one-dimensional soil model has been developed to better predict heat and water exchanges in arid and semiarid regions. New schemes to calculate evaporation and adsorption in the soil were incorporated in the model. High performance of the model was confirmed by comparison of predicted surface fluxes, soil temperature, and volumetric soil water content with those measured in the Negev Desert, ...

introduction evaporation is a phenomenon of hidrological cycle that is particularly important in studies of water. much of the annual rainfall in arid and semi-arid weather characteristics that iran immediately returns to the atmosphere. so it will be important to estimate and predict the amount of evaporated to estimate of water. dez basin in south-west iran, where the country's main cent...

Introduction. Type B Ca-Al-rich inclusions have textures that have been interpreted as indicative of reheating to temperatures of about 1400°C, sufficient to produce a high degree of partial melting, and subsequent cooling at rates of the order of degrees per hour [1]. They are often found to be enriched in the heavy isotopes of the moderately volatile elements silicon and magnesium, which also...

Laboratory and numerical experiments were conducted to investigate the evolution of soil water evaporation during a continuous drying event. Simulated soil water contents and temperatures by the calibrated model well reproduced measured values at different depths. Results show that the evaporative drying process could be divided into three stages, beginning with a relatively high evaporation ra...

We present the first experimental evidence that a bird is capable of evaporating enough water from the cloaca to be important for thermoregulation. We measured rates of evaporation occurring from the mouth, the skin, and the cloaca of Inca doves Columbina inca Lesson and Eurasian quail Coturnix coturnix Linnaeus. Inca doves showed no significant increase in cutaneous evaporation in response to ...

OBJECTIVE To assess the effects of gas flow during insufflation on peritoneal fluid and peritoneal tissue regarding transient thermal behavior and thin-film evaporation. The effects of laparoscopic gas on peritoneal cell desiccation and peritoneal fluid thin-film evaporation were analyzed. METHODS Measurment of tissue and peritoneal fluid and analysis of gas flow dynamics during laparoscopy. ...