In this article thermoelastic damping in nano-beam resonators is investigated based on nonlocal theory of elasticity and the Euler-Bernoulli beam assumptions. The governing equation of deflection of the beam is obtained from shear and moment resultants and stress–strain relationship of the nonlocal elasticity model and also the governing equations of thermoelastic damping are established by usi...

This review focuses on the ways in which the objectification of individuals and groups of people, as well as the self-objectification that typically develops from such treatment, is implicated in positive and negative societal change. Four areas are reviewed: (a) objectification (including dehumanization, infra-humanization, dehumanized perception, sexualization, and colonialism), (b) self-obje...

We survey an emerging literature on the econometric analysis of static and dynamic models of strategic interactions. Econometric methods of identification and estimation allow researcher to make use of observed data on individual choice behavior and on the conditional transition distribution of state variables to recover the underlying structural parameters of payoff functions and discount rate...

We examine a new voting procedure that allows voters to express their preferences in the form of a voting strategy — a first-order function which specifies a vote. We examine the calculations necessary to formulate such voting strategies, and present examples which illustrate the effects of risk. The voting framework we discuss allows rational voters to vote strategically using decision-theoret...

Vectors and bags are basic collection data structures, which are used frequently in programs and specifications. Reasoning about these data structures is supported by established algorithms for deciding ground satisfiability in the theories of arrays (for vectors) and multisets (for bags), respectively. Yet, these decision procedures are only able to reason about vectors and bags in isolation, ...

In economics, the concept of time discounting introduces weights on future goods to make these less valuable. Yet, both the conceptual motivation for time discounting and its specific functional form remain contested. To address these problems, this paper provides a measurement-theoretic framework of representation for time discounting. The representation theorem characterises time discounting ...