The amino acid requirements for the growth of Pasteurella pestis have been studied by a number of workers (Rao, 1939; Doudoroff, 1943; Herbert, 1949; Hills and Spurr, 1952; Rockenmacher et al., 1952; and Higuchi and Carlin, 1958). Very little is known, however, regarding the role of peptides in the nutrition of this organism. Peptides have been reported to be superior to free amino acids in the...

The real-time polymerase chain reaction (real-time PCR) is a recent modification to PCR (UNIT 10.2) that is rapidly changing the nature of how biomedical science research is conducted. It was first introduced in 1992 by Higuchi and coworkers and has seen a rapid increase in its use since (Higuchi et al., 1992, 1993). Real-time PCR allows precise quantification of specific nucleic acids in a com...

Our recent extended constrained-search theory @M. Higuchi and K. Higuchi, Phys. Rev. B 69, 035113 ~2004!# enables us to choose arbitrary quantities as the basic variables of density functional theory. In this paper, we apply it to several cases. In the case in which the occupation matrix of localized orbitals is chosen as a basic variable, we can obtain the single-particle equation which is equ...

This chapter provides an introduction to evolvable hardware. First, the basic idea of evolvable hardware is outlined. Because evolvable hardware involves the integration of programmable logic device and evolutionary computation, these are both explained briefly. Then, an overview of current research on evolvable hardware is presented. Finally, the chapter discusses some directions for future re...

Niosomes, as a kind of drug delivery system, is widely used for the topical lipophilic drugs. Optimization niosomes plays an essential role in enhancing their therapeutic efficiencies. This study aims to prepare optimized niosomal formulation simvastatin (nSIM), member statins, through experiment (Response Surface methodology). Optimized were characterized size, polydispersity index (PDI), entr...

The aim of this study was to investigate the release characteristics of matrix (non-disintegrating) granules consisting of diltiazem hydrochloride (model drug) and glyceryl behenate (a wax matrix forming polymer) for sustained release application using sintering technique. The granules of diltiazem hydrochloride-wax matrix were prepared by melt granulation technique. This was formed by triturat...

The present study was oriented towards microencapsulation of aspirin and the study of its release kinetics. The desired encapsulation was achieved by emulsion solvent evaporation method using ethyl cellulose (EC), cellulose acetate phthalate (CAP) and their mixture (1:1) of polymeric constituents. Characterization of the formulations was performed by size, shape, drug loading efficiency and in-...

BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to evaluate matrix tablets containing different ratios of Carbopol(®) 971P (CP) to low-viscosity sodium alginate (SA) and assess their suitability for pH-independent controlled drug release. METHODS Two processing methods (physical mixing, PM and spray-drying, SD) were applied before compaction and the release from corresponding matrices was compared. The ...

Y. Bito, T. Shirai, S. Hirata, Y. Taniguchi, K. Hirata, Y. Otake, Y. Soutome, H. Ochi, T. Ebisu, Y. Kawai, M. Umeda, T. Higuchi, and C. Tanaka Central Research Laboratory, Hitachi, Ltd., Kokubunji-shi, Tokyo, Japan, Neurosurgery, Nantan General Hospital, Kyoto, Japan, Medical Informatics, Meiji University of Integrative Medicine, Kyoto, Japan, Neurosurgery, Meiji University of Integrative Medic...