Objective - The aims of this study were to determine the approximate radiographic closure time of the growth plates of the fore and hind limbs of Marghoz goat as a small breed of goat is distributed over the western and North-West of Iran near to the Turkey and Iraqi borders and to compare these closure times with those previously published.Design- Experimental studyAnimals- 20 heal...

BACKGROUND This study aimed to evaluate dogs with pelvic fractures and treated conservatively during locomotion on a pressure-sensing walkway. The hypothesis was that dogs may present changes in kinetic and temporospatial parameters because of the fractures, which may interfere with the symmetry index. Thirty dogs were selected and divided into two groups: Group 1-healthy group (n = 15) and Gro...

The registration of the step phases and the relations between them for all of the four limbs were described in the amygdalar, rubral and funicular cats. The evident changes in motor behavior observed after damage of the amygdala and red nucleus did not result from coordination disorders. Conversely, the damage of the medial part of the lateral funiculus in the dorsally hemisected spinal cord di...

It is important to know the effects of the inclination of a slope on the activity of each muscle, because training by running on a sloped track is commonly used for Thoroughbred racehorses. The effects of incline (from -6 to +6%) on the forelimbs and hind limbs during walking and trotting on a treadmill were evaluated by an integrated electromyogram (iEMG). The muscle activities in the forelimb...

In a Xenopus toad, two partially functioning supernumerary hind limbs developed naturally on the right side and were innervated by the ipsilateral side of the spinal cord. The number of ventral horn cells on the right was 18% higher than on the left while the combined mass of limb muscle on the right was estimated to be a 100% greater. This result corroborates studies with transplanted supernum...

AIMS In collateral development (i.e. arteriogenesis), mononuclear cells are important and exist as a heterogeneous population consisting of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory/repair-associated cells. Protease-activated receptor (PAR)1 and PAR2 are G-protein-coupled receptors that are both expressed by mononuclear cells and are involved in pro-inflammatory reactions, while PAR2 also plays a ...

BACKGROUND Vascularized bone marrow transplantation (VBMT) is widely accepted as an efficient means of establishing chimerism and inducing tolerance. However, the mechanism underlying is poorly understood. Recently, regulatory T cells (Tregs) have been shown to play an important role in regulating immune responses to allogeneic antigens. In this study, we explored the role of Tregs in the induc...

Dipygus is a teratological fetus with a double pelvis, genitals, and extremities. Congenital duplications in cattle are rare. Caudal duplication is more common in sheep and pigs while cranial duplications seem to be predominant in cattle.Asymmetric or parasitic conjoined twins consisting of an incomplete twin (parasite) attached to the body of a fully-developed twin (autosite).This report deals...

Gross similarities between the external appearance of the hind limbs of the peroneal muscle atrophy (pma) mouse mutant and congenital talipes equinovarus (CTEV), a human disorder historically referred to as 'clubfoot', suggested that this mutant could be a useful model. We used micro-magnetic resonance imaging to visualize the detailed anatomy of the hind limb defect in mutant pma mice and perf...