background and objective: although diabetes mellitus is known to be one of the risk factors for dementia but neuropathic changes in the brain of diabetic patients have not been completely revealed. therefore, this research study was done to evaluate structural changes in pyramidal neurons of hippocampal ca1 area of male diabetic rats using golgi-impregnation method. materials and methods: male ...

The intracerebroventricular (icv) injection of amyloid peptides (Aβ) models Alzheimer’s disease (AD) in mice, as typified by the onset within 15 days deficits memory and hippocampal long-term potentiation (LTP) that are prevented blockade adenosine A2A receptors (A2AR). Since A2AR overfunction is sufficient to trigger deficits, we tested if were upregulated synapses before support hypothesis co...

introduction: the septal area is an important telencephalic center that plays a prominent role in the learning, emotional sexual behaviour processes and autonomic functions. this area contains two main divisions; lateral (ls) and medial (ms), that receive numerus afferents from hippocampal formation. this study compares, quantitatively distributional pattern of the afferent neurons to these two...

Introduction: Gap junctions are specialized cell–cell contacts between eukaryotic cells through which they communicate. This type of communication has the potential to modulate memory process. We evaluated the effects of the gating of the hippocampal CA1 area gap junction channels on memory consolidation, using passive avoidance task. Materials and Methods: 72 adult male Wistar rats were distri...

The impact of chronic cerebral hypoperfusion on cognitive function and cerebral capillary morphology in the hippocampus was examined. Young adult Wistar rats were subjected to permanent ligation of both common carotid arteries (two-vessel occlusion). One month after vascular occlusion, a small but non-significant impairment in the acquisition of spatial information was registered compared with ...

Severe neuronal loss in the hippocampus, that is, hippocampal sclerosis (HS), can be seen in 3 main clinical contexts: dementia (particularly frontotemporal lobar degeneration [FTLD]), temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE), and hippocampal ischemic injury (H-I). It has been suggested that shared pathogenetic mechanisms may underlie selective vulnerability of the hippocampal subfields such as the CA1 in ...

temporal lobe epilepsy (tle) is a disorder of the central nervous system in which hippocampus is mostly involved and causes memory impairment. kindling is a model of inducing epilepsy which is created through pentylenetetrazol (ptz) administration. this study examines the role of the aqueous extract of boswellia on the learning and development of brain (formation of dendritic branches and axons...

The sources of ipsilateral projections from the hippocampal formation, the presubiculum, area 29a-c, and parasubiculum to medial, orbital, and lateral prefrontal cortices were studied with retrograde tracers in 27 rhesus monkeys. Labeled neurons within the hippocampal formation (CA1, CA1', prosubiculum, and subiculum) were found rostrally, although some were noted throughout the entire rostroca...

introduction: the learning procedure leads to biochemical, biophysical and ultrastructural changes in synapses of some specific areas in central nervous system, which is named synaptic plasticity. material and methods: twelve male wistar rats were divided in two (case and control) groups. the cases were trained in morris water maze. the animals underwent 8 training sessions per day, on 3 consec...

Long-term potentiation (LTP) in hippocampal area CA1 is generally dependent on N-methyl--aspartate (NMDA) receptor activation. Reactive oxygen species (ROS), including superoxide, are produced in response to NMDA receptor activation in a number of brain regions, including the hipppocampus. In this study, two cell-permeable manganese porphyrin compounds that mimic superoxide dismutase (SOD) were...