It is clear that technology is a key driver of economic growth. Much less clear is where new technologies are produced and how the geography of U.S. invention has changed over the last two hundred years. Patent data report the geography, history, and technological characteristics of invention. However, those data have only recently become available in digital form and at the present time there ...

This paper is concerned with very long-terms trends in poverty and inequality in England and Wales over the last century. It seeks, in particular, to provide a tentative quantitative answer to the question of whether relative poverty has become more or less extreme geographically (Dorling and Woodward 1996). Such a study is only possible through the application of novel methods for data analysi...