Background: Nowadays, advanced radiotherapy equipment includes algorithms to calculate dose. The verification of the calculated doses is important to achieve accurate results. Mostly homogeneous dosimetric phantoms are available commercially which do not mimic the actual patient anatomy; therefore, an indigenous heterogeneous pelvic phantom mimicking actual human pelvic region has been used to ...

conclusions by a simple check of the water peak characteristics, lots of information can be obtained, one of which is the status of shimming that has a considerable effect on the accuracy of the spectrum. thus, performing an automatic or manual shimming is not a criterion of the spectrum accuracy, and performing a periodic quality control using a test phantom by a specialist is necessary. brief...

In this paper, we have investigated the physical behavior of cosmological models in framework modified Teleparallel gravity. This model is established using a Renyi holographic ``dark energy (RHDE) with Hubble cutoff. Here considered homogeneous and isotropic Friedman universe filled perfect `fluid. The parameters are derived for present Compliances 43 observational data sets (OHD). equation st...

Introduction: In this paper, by complete definition of human eye containing the various parts and their materials, the difference between this model and a homogeneous water phantom are compared for two ophthalmic plaques using 125I and 103Pd. Material and methods: The simulation of the two phantoms were performed in the MCNP-4C code and by using the geometry of a three-dimensional eye, differen...

An evaluation of two anthropomorphic breast phantoms, which have been designed for quality assurance and dose verification of radiotherapy treatment of breast cancer patients, is presented. These phantoms are identical in terms of their dimensions and shape, and composed of several layers of either Plastic Water or tissue-equivalent material. Both water- and tissue-equivalent phantoms include l...

BACKGROUND Patient-specific dose verification for treatment planning in helical tomotherapy is routinely performed using a homogeneous virtual water cylindrical phantom of 30 cm diameter and 18 cm length (Cheese phantom). Because of this small length, treatment with total marrow irradiation (TMI) requires multiple deliveries of the dose verification procedures to cover a wide range of the targe...

It would be useful to develop a tissue equivalent gel to improve the uniformity of the electromagnetic field in the human body, and for making a tissue equivalent dielectric human phantom. In this study, solid type, water based gelatin-honey gels were developed which have the electrical characteristics of skin tissue. It was demonstrated that a stable and homogeneous gel, with a relative dielec...

We have developed a methodology that can be used in reconstruction algorithms to quantify the optical coefficients and the geometrical cross section of a weakly abnormal optical target embedded in an otherwise homogeneous medium. This novel procedure uses differenttime-dependent point-spread functions to analyze the diffusive and absorptive contrasts obtained from time-of-flight measurements. D...