We study additive distances and quasi-distances between words. We show that every additive distance is finite. We then prove that every additive quasi-distance is regularity-preserving, that is, the neighborhood of any radius of a regular language with respect to an additive quasi-distance is regular. Finally, similar results will be proven for context-free, computable and computably enumerable...

10 In this study we develop pronunciation distances based on naive discriminative learning (NDL). 11 Measures of pronunciation distance are used in several subfields of linguistics, including 12 psycholinguistics, dialectology and typology. In contrast to the commonly used Levenshtein algorithm, 13 NDL is grounded in cognitive theory of competitive reinforcement learning and is able to generate...

NATURE | VOL 411 | 3 MAY 2001 | www.nature.com 107 21. Blasina, A. et al. A human homologue of the checkpoint kinase Cds1 directly inhibits Cdc25 phosphatase. Curr. Biol. 9, 1±10 (1999). 22. Liu, F., Rothblum-Oviatt, C., Ryan, C. E. & Piwnica-Worms, H. Overproduction of human Myt1 kinase induces a G2 cell cycle delay by interfering with the intracellular traf®cking of Cdc2-cyclin B1 complexes. ...

CyaY is a 106-residue protein from Escherichia coli. It shows amino-acid sequence similarity to human frataxin and a frataxin homologue in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Yfh1p. The former is associated with the disease Friedreich ataxia and the latter plays a key role in iron homeostasis in mitochondria. CyaY has been overexpressed in soluble form in E. coli. The recombinant protein with a His(6) ta...

The phenomenon of DNA phosphorothioation (DNA sulfur modification) is widespread among prokaryotes and may serve as a mechanism to restrict gene transfer among bacteria. DndE is one of five essential proteins that are required for the DNA phosphorothioation process. However, its exact biochemical role in sulfur modification of DNA remains unclear. In this study, the DndE protein homologue from ...

Individuals with Down Syndrome (DS), or trisomy 21, develop Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology by approximately 40 years of age. Chromosome 21 harbors several genes implicated in AD, including the amyloid precursor protein and one homologue of the β-site APP cleaving enzyme, BACE2. Processing of the amyloid precursor protein by β-secretase (BACE) is the rate-limiting step in the production of t...

A homologue of the 70-kDa heat-shock protein (Hsp70) was purified from pumpkin chloroplasts. The molecular mass of the purified protein was approximately 75 kDa and its N-terminal amino acid sequence was very similar to those of homologues of Hsp70 from bacterial cells and from the mitochondrial matrix and stroma of pea chloroplasts. The purified homologue of Hsp70 was found in the stroma of ch...

• Indicators of tracking are used to check broilers welfare Broilers is performed based on their movement estimation Broilers’ depends activities and detection accuracy Best predictions methods calibrated a reference dataset Nowadays, video has taken considerable part in monitoring systems. It allows identifying follow every object the camera field over time. While most these algorithms rather ...