This study aims to analyze the determinants of vertical integration (ownership and contract-ing) among peasant farmers in Northern Algeria. The choice of asset control is between ownership and a simple contracting. Thus, the integration of vertical stages of agricultural produc-tion leads to higher gross margins, influences the choice of marketing and supply channels, and improves market partic...

In posturographic recordings, the center of pressure (COP) displacement does not accurately reflect migration of the gravity line (GL), the vertical line passing through the body's center of gravity, COG. Since the horizontal ground reaction force, Fx, is proportional to the horizontal acceleration of the COG its second integral does represent the horizontal position of the gravity line (GLP). ...

UNLABELLED The integration of visual details into a holistic percept is essential for object recognition. This integration has been reported as a key deficit in patients with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). The weak central coherence account posits an altered disposition to integrate features into a coherent whole in ASD. Here, we test the hypothesis that such weak perceptual coherence may be...

SETTING Hlabisa health district, South Africa. OBJECTIVE To describe the integration of a 'vertical' tuberculosis control programme into an emerging 'horizontal' district health system, within the context of health sector reform. DESIGN Descriptive account of the process of integration of the programme into the health system. RESULTS A highly 'vertical' system of delivering tuberculosis t...

Directed assembly and integration of ZnO nanobridges (NBs) into working devices on Si substrates was achieved. Metal catalysts were not used, and the ‘‘harvest and disperse’’ method of nanorod (NR) integration was avoided. High-quality ZnO NRs were grown via a vapor–solid method selectively on a patterned thin-film ZnO seed layer. ZnO NRs exhibited a single-crystalline structure with c-axis pre...

Neocortical neurons in vivo receive concurrent synaptic inputs from multiple sources, including feedforward, horizontal, and feedback pathways. Layer 2/3 of the visual cortex receives feedforward input from layer 4 and horizontal input from layer 2/3. Firing of the pyramidal neurons, which carries the output to higher cortical areas, depends critically on the interaction of these pathways. Here...