Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have attracted considerable attentions due to their unique properties and diverse applications. Although it has been reported that AgNPs have acute toxic effects on a variety of cultured mammalian cells and animal models, few studies have been conducted to evaluate the associated risk of AgNPs to human health at non-cytotoxic doses. In this paper, HepG2 cells were e...

Objective: Nuclear medicine technologists work under sig­ nificant radiation protection constraints. These constraints are based on the linear no-threshold (LNl) radiation para­ digm, which was developed in the 1960s and was based largely on the deleterious effects of radiation as they were understood at the time. More recently, the theory of radia­ tion hormesis, or a beneficial effect of low-...

Polyphenols have been found in both rodent and human studies to exhibit diverse bioactivities though the mechanisms of action underlying those beneficial functions remain be fully elucidated. animals are widely recognized as xenobiotics known induce adaptive responses. Essential related include expressions antioxidative xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes, heat shock proteins. Additionally, hormesi...

In responding to Drs. Calabrese and Baldwin’squestion, “At what point, if ever, should hormesis beemployed as the principal dose response default assump-tion in risk assessment? “, we examined the benefits ofreplacing traditional dose response with hormesis. Ingeneral, hormesis provides more complete usefulinformation for risk assessment than does traditionaldose-res...

Hormone replacement after menopause has in recent years been the subject of intense scientific debate and public interest and has sparked intense research efforts into the biological effects of estrogens and progestagens. However, there are reasons to believe that the doses used and plasma concentrations produced in a large number of studies casts doubt on important aspects of their validity. T...

Hormesis is a specific type of nonmonotonic dose response whose occurrence has been documented across a broad range of biological models and diverse types of exposure. The effects that occur at various points along this curve can be interpreted as beneficial or detrimental, depending on the biological or ecologic context in which they occur. Because hormesis appears to be a relatively common ph...

Strategies for testing and developing effective means of intervention, prevention, and modulation of aging incorporate means to minimize the occurrence and accumulation of molecular damage, to reduce molecular heterogeneity, and to evaluate the relevance of the type and extent of damage with respect to its role in aging and age-related diseases. One such approach is that of mild stress-induced ...

The atomic bomb survivor cancer mortality data have been used in the past to justify the use of the linear no-threshold (LNT) model for estimating the carcinogenic effects of low dose radiation. An analysis of the recently updated atomic bomb survivor cancer mortality dose-response data shows that the data no longer support the LNT model but are consistent with a radiation hormesis model when a...

OBJECTIVE In this commentary I respond to points raised in the commentary by Mushak [Ad hoc and fast forward: the science and control of hormesis growth and development. Environ Health Perspect 117:1333-1338 (2009)], which principally concerns studies by me and my colleagues concerning the frequency of hormesis in toxicology. DISCUSSION In this commentary I demonstrate that Mushak's analysis ...