Introduction: Hospitals have had Hospital Disaster Plans (HDP), however, when the COVID-19 pandemic attacked, several hospitals neglected HDP. They seem to find it difficult operationalize The hospital’s problems were also increasingly complex because they must think about how break internal transmission chain and deal with surge in patients besides building a clear incident command system (ICS...

No standard exists by which to evaluate a hospital's compliance for the National Incident Management System (NIMS). The instruments available and in use today for the evaluation of hospital preparedness have variable adherence to the principles and elements set forth in NIMS. This is especially evident in the areas of command and management and communications and information management. The use...

Introduction: Disasters have adversely affected human life since the beginning of our existence. In response, societies attempted to improve disaster response & reduce consequences disasters by developing standardized organizational arrangements, often known as Incident Command Systems (ICS). These ICS systems a military heritage in hierarchical command control (C2) that is authoritative na...