OBJECTIVE To study major etiological factors for esophageal cancer in upper gastrointestinal cancer high risk areas in China. METHODS Five areas with high incidences of esophageal and gastric cancer with good quality cancer registration data were selected for the study: Cixian, Shexian from Hebei Province, Linxian from Henan Province, Feicheng from Shandong Province and Zhuanghe from Liaoning...

Esophageal cancer is a common cancer worldwide and has a poor prognosis. The incidence of esophageal squamous cell cancer has been decreasing, whereas the incidence of esophageal adenocarcinoma has been increasing rapidly, particularly in Western men. Squamous cell cancer continues to be the major type of esophageal cancer in Asia, and the main risk factors include tobacco smoking, alcohol cons...

background: there are few articles studding the factors associated with successful smoking cessation in iranian smokers. the aim of this study is to clarify the association between socio‑demographic factors and smoking behavior, such as number of failed smoking cessation and duration of abstinence in iranian population. methods: a self‑administered questionnaire survey of 673 participants was c...

many factors affect tobacco quit rate. in this study we investigated the abstinence rate after 5 years based on the age of smoking initiation. this pre-post field trial study was conducted on 398 smokers who participated voluntarily in a smoking cessation clinic in 2005. they were followed for 5 years and their success or failure in continuous abstinence was evaluated and recorded in 2010. thre...

background: smoking has physical, psychological, and social impacts on women’s health and subsequently the community’s health. therefore, it is important to have an estimation of smoking among iranian women. since comprehensive data are not available in this respect, the authors performed a systematic review and metaanalyzed all high-quality studies in this field.   methods: all available elect...

Introduction: Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is the most common head and neck malignancy. Smoking, alcohol consumption, viral infections, exposure, oral hygiene, and dietary, genetic, and occupational factors are the most important etiologic factors. The aim of this study was determining the incidence of etiologic factors in head and neck SCC.  Materials and Methods: This is a cross-sectiona...

background: although lebanon is a highly polluted country, so far no study has specifically been designed to assess the association between outdoor air pollution and chronic bronchitis in this country. objective: to assess the association between exposure to outdoor air pollution and chronic bronchitis in lebanon. methods: a pilot case-control study was conducted in two tertiary care hospitals....

BACKGROUND Reducing the smoking population is still high on the policy agenda, as smoking leads to many preventable diseases, such as lung cancer, heart disease, diabetes, and more. In Austria, data on smoking prevalence only exists at the federal state level. This provides an interesting overview about the current health situation, but for regional planning authorities these data are often ins...