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Enolases are highly conserved proteins that catalyze the interconversion of 2-phosphoglyceric acid and phosphoenolpyruvate [1]. This is an essential step during glycolysis as well as gluconeogenesis. Interestingly, evolution has incorporated multiple novel non-glycolytic functions in several glycolytic enzymes (Reviewed in [2]). Such non-glycolytic or ‘moonlighting functions’ of enolase range f...

We propose a housekeeping/excess decomposition of entropy production for general nonlinear dynamics in discrete space, including chemical reaction networks and stochastic systems. exploit the geometric structure thermodynamic forces to define decomposition; this does not rely on notion steady state, it even applies systems that exhibit multistability, limit cycles, chaos. In decomposition, dist...

This observation-based research aims to investigate the impact of implementation green housekeeping at Holiday Resort Lombok, particularly on operational cost efficiency. The data were collected in three months through observation, interview, and documentation technique, involving as many 4 (four) informants. analyzed using descriptive quantitative analysis technique discussion was focused infl...

The expression of predominant housekeeping genes used in RT-qPCR can vary during development and differentiation. The frequently used housekeeping genes (ACTB, GAPDH, 18S rRNA, EF1α and RPL 13a) were evaluated during an early stage of the osteogenic differentiation of mouse bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (mMSCs) (under normal conditions or treated with CCG-4986) to identify housekee...

Quantitative gene expression data are often normalized to the expression levels of control or so-called "housekeeping" genes. An inherent assumption in the use of housekeeping genes is that expression of the genes remains constant in the cells or tissues under investigation. Although exceptions to this assumption are well documented, housekeeping genes are of value in fully characterized system...

Molecular characterization of Toxoplasma gondii isolates is central for understanding differences in disease transmission and manifestations. Only 3 subgroups (lineages) have been discerned with subtle within-lineage variation, permitting low-resolution classification of isolates. Because proteins, coding sequences, and especially antigen-coding genes have been used extensively in previous stud...