Batesian mimicry occurs when a palatable species (the mimic) gains protection from predators by resembling an unpalatable or otherwise protected species (the model). While some mimetic species resemble their models closely, other species ('imperfect mimics') are thought to bear only a crude likeness. In an earlier study, pigeons (Columba livia) were trained to recognize wasp images in one exper...

Non-bee insects have been identified as important crop pollinators globally. However, strategies to protect and enhance pollination usually focus on supporting bees. This study examined the effects of landscape structure, location within field, floral resources pollinators’ visits mass-flowering caraway (Carum carvi L.) in boreal farmland, yield. Pollinator flowers were monitored yield measured...

Abstract In intensive agricultural landscapes semi-natural habitats for pollinators are often limited, although willingness to establish pollinator habitat is increasing among farmers. A common enhancement measure provide flower strips, but existent or improved hedgerows might be more effective. this study, we compare the effectiveness of three measures at edges conventional apple orchards: (i)...

The identification of Afrotropical hoverflies is very difficult because of limited recent taxonomic revisions and the lack of comprehensive identification keys. In order to assist in their identification, and to improve the taxonomy of this group, we constructed a reference dataset of 513 COI barcodes of 90 of the more common nominal species from Ghana, Togo, Benin and Nigeria (W Africa) and ad...

A series of field experiments was conducted in cranberry bogs in 2006e2010 to determine adult attraction of the two most economically important leafhopper pests of cultivated Vaccinium spp. in the northeast USA, the blunt-nosed leafhopper, Limotettix vaccinii (Van Duzee), and the sharp-nosed leafhopper, Scaphytopius magdalensis (Provancher), to colored (yellow, green, red, blue, white, and clea...

Oleander is very frequently planted as an ornamental shrub in urban areas of the Mediterranean. Its most common pest aphid Aphis nerii, and heavy infestations produce aesthetic damage disturbances to citizens, they are sprayed with insecticides order reduce population density. One alternative method conservation biological control which enhanced by provisioning food, refuges, reproduction sites...