Hyperparathyroidism (HPT) can be associated with muscle atrophy and weakness. Muscle atrophy is typically caused by increased muscle protein breakdown. The influence of HPT on calpains and the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway, which are important regulators of muscle proteolysis, is not yet known. We examined the expression in skeletal muscle of mu- and m-calpain and the ubiquitin ligases, atrogin-...

The effect of strain reversal on hardening due to high pressure torsion (HPT) was investigated using commercially pure aluminium. Hardening is lower for cyclic HPT (c-HPT) as compared to monotonic HPT (m-HPT). When using a cycle consisting of a rotation of 90° per half cycle, there is only a small increase in hardness if the total amount of turns is increased from 1 to 16. Single reversal HPT (...

Hexose phosphate is an important carbon source within the cytoplasm of host cells. Bacterial pathogens that invade, survive, and multiply within various host epithelial cells exploit hexose phosphates from the host cytoplasm through the hexose phosphate transport (HPT) system to gain energy and synthesize cellular components. In Escherichia coli, the HPT system consists of a two-component regul...

The hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis is a major contributor in maintaining energy expenditure and body weight, and the adipocyte hormone leptin regulates this axis by increasing TRH levels in the fed state. Leptin stimulates TRH directly in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN; direct pathway) and indirectly by regulating proopiomelnocortin neurons in the hypothalamic arcuate ...

Most facultative intracellular bacteria replicate in specialized phagosomes after being taken up by mammalian cells. Relatively few intracellular bacteria escape the phagosomal compartment with the help of cytolytic (pore-forming) proteins and replicate in the host cell cytosol. Without such toxins, intracellular bacteria cannot reach this cellular compartment. To circumvent the requirement of ...

Haptoglobin exerts renal protective function by scavenging free hemoglobin from the urine and blood stream in patients with hemolytic disorders. Recent studies elucidate the relationships between haptoglobin and inflammation. In addition, coagulopathy is often induced by systemic inflammation characterized by the presence of vascular endothelial damage. We hypothesize that haptoglobin might hav...

High-pressure torsion (HPT) and thermal annealing were applied to a face-centered cubic as-cast Al0.3CoCrFeNi high entropy alloy. Processing by HPT produced a nanostructure with a higher incremental hardness than in most HPT single-phase materials and subsequent annealing at appropriate temperatures gave an ordered body-centered cubic secondary phase with an additional increase in hardness. The...

In this work, a melt-spun amorphous Fe73.5Si13.5B9Cu1Nb3 alloy is subjected to high-pressure torsion (HPT) treatment under 6 GPa in order enhance the alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) performance. Different HPT turns, including 1, 2, 5 and 10, are selected samples marked as HPT-1N, HPT-2N, HPT-5N HPT-10 N, respectively. The can lead significant structural change such partial crystalliz...

We present a case of parafibromin deficient (HPT-JT type, CDC73-mutated) parathyroid tumour (PDPT) occurring in 16-year-old girl. PDPT was recently proposed as distinct class neoplasms that show deficiency without meeting the invasive criteria required to diagnose carcinoma. Our histological examination revealed characteristic morphological features PDPT, including thick capsule, sheet-like gro...

Salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma (SACC) is associated with a high rate of lung metastasis. When lung metastasis occurs, the effects of traditional chemotherapy on SACC are poor. Hyperbranched polymer drug delivery (degradable hyperbranched polyglycerols, dHPGs) can be used as a strategy to load several drugs, and obtain beneficial effects on SACC lung metastasis through enhanced permeability a...