OBJECTIVE To identify predictors of future adoption of home smoking restriction (HSR), given that 40% of inner-city smokers report current HSR. DESIGN Secondary analysis of data on smokers enrolled in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized trial of bupropion hydrochloride for smoking cessation. SETTING Community health center in Kansas City, Kan, from August 1, 2000, to December 31,...

BACKGROUND Despite significant investments in health systems research (HSR) capacity development, there is a dearth of information regarding how to assess HSR capacity. An alliance of schools of public health (SPHs) in East and Central Africa developed a tool for the self-assessment of HSR capacity with the aim of producing institutional capacity development plans. METHODS Between June and No...

BACKGROUND High quality health systems research (HSR) in fragile and conflict-affected states (FCAS) is essential to guiding the policies and programmes that will improve access to health services and, ultimately, health outcomes. Yet, conducting HSR in FCAS is challenging. An understanding of these challenges is essential to tackling them and to supporting research conducted in these complex e...

We compared the in vitro antimycobacterial activity of a new fluoroquinolone, HSR-903, with strong activity against gram-positive cocci with those of levofloxacin (LVFX), sitafloxacin (STFX), and gatifloxacin (GFLX). The MICs of the quinolones for Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium avium complex were in the order STFX approximately GFLX < LVFX <== HSR-903 and STFX <== GFLX <== HSR-903...

Growth benefits of high speed rail (HSR) for enterprises are not automatic, but require a buoyant local economy and robust strategy. Against the above background, main objectives ex-ante case study have been to investigate socio-economic spatial impacts proposed HSR project around Ahmedabad station area on Mumbai-Ahmedabad corridor, analyze opportunities challenges development draw policy impli...

The heat shock response (HSR), a transcriptional response that up-regulates molecular chaperones upon heat shock, is necessary for cell survival in a stressful environment to maintain protein homeostasis (proteostasis). However, there is accumulating evidence that the HSR does not ubiquitously occur under stress conditions, but largely depends on the cell types. Despite such imbalanced HSR amon...

The hsr-omega gene of Drosophila melanogaster produces RNA products both constitutively and at elevated levels in response to heat stress. A single-nucleotide difference in this gene that has been detected using denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) is responsible for an hsr-omegaa/b polymorphism, and selection experiments have indicated an association between the hsr-omegaa allele and...

High speed rail is a good example of a complex social-technical system, it combines high technology with social institutions to provide transport service. However, in spite of advances in HSR technology, HSR service is operated in much the same manner as traditional passenger rail service – an unsuccessful long-term business model. This research argues that HSR needs disruptive innovation to cr...

The heat shock response (HSR) is a cellular stress response that senses protein misfolding and restores protein folding homeostasis, or proteostasis. We previously identified an HSR regulatory network in Caenorhabditis elegans consisting of highly conserved genes that have important cellular roles in maintaining proteostasis. Unexpectedly, the effects of these genes on the HSR are distinctly ti...

OBJECTIVES Hemorrhagic shock followed by resuscitation (HSR) commonly triggers an inflammatory response that leads to acute respiratory distress syndrome. HYPOTHESIS HSR exacerbates mechanical stress-induced lung injury by rendering the lung more susceptible to ventilator-induced lung injury. METHODS Rats were subjected to HSR, and were randomized into an HSR + high tidal volume and zero po...