By preparing metaphase chromosome spreads on Aclar (polychlorotrifluoroethylene fluoropolymer) film and incorporating a conventional karyotyping system, it was possible to observe the internal ultrastructure of individual chromosomes with known karyotype by means of transmission electron microscopy. Essentially, all 46 chromosomes per human cell could be examined. Application of this method to ...

Further evidence supports challenged claim, but significance remains unclear.

Several processes in the cell, such as gene regulation, start when key proteins recognise and bind to short DNA sequences. However, these sequences can be hundreds of million times shorter than genome, they are hard find by simple diffusion: diffusion-limited association rates may underestimate $in~vitro$ measurements up several orders magnitude. Moreover, increase if is coiled rather straight....