Islet cell antibodies (ICA), the classical autoimmunity marker for insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM), are detected in approximately 85% of children with recently diagnosed diabetes. Because the ICA assay is semiquantitative and difficult to standardize, alternative assays are needed. When glutamic acid decarboxylase 65 (GAD 65) was discovered as a major islet antigen, the measurement o...

BACKGROUND Prediction, risk assessment, and diagnosis of autoimmune diseases often rely on detection of autoantibodies directed to multiple target antigens, such as the 65-kDa isoform of glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD65-abs) and the tyrosine phosphatase-like protein islet antigen-2 (IA2-abs), the two major subspecificities of islet cell antibodies (ICAs) associated with insulin-dependent diab...

CONTEXT/OBJECTIVE Hyperinsulinism with islet cell hyperplasia is a frequent complication, of unknown cause, in hemolytic disease of the newborn, occurring in Rh(D)-positive infants of Rh-isoimmunized Rh(D)-negative mothers, but not in infants with other hemolytic disorders. We investigated the possibility that trans-placentally acquired anti-D Ig is the cause of both conditions. DESIGN Monola...

Background: Human CD34 is a transmembrane glycoprotein which is expressed in human hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and the small- vessel endothelial cells of a variety of tissues. CD34 plays a critical role as a marker for diagnosis and classification of leukemia. Anti CD34 antibodies are used for isolation and purification of HSCs from bone marrow, peripheral blood and cord blood. Objective: ...

AIMS We tested whether autoantibodies to all three ZnT8RWQ variants, GAD65, insulinoma-associated protein 2 (IA-2), insulin and autoantibodies to islet cell cytoplasm (ICA) in combination with human leukocyte antigen (HLA) would improve the diagnostic sensitivity of childhood type 1 diabetes by detecting the children who otherwise would have been autoantibody-negative. METHODS A total of 686 ...

Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a chronic progressive autoimmune disorder with complex polygenic susceptibility, usually associated with certain HLA alleles (IDDM1 locus). Environmental factors, which are poorly defined, also contribute to the pathogenesis. T1D is characterized by lymphocyte infiltration into the islets of Langerhans in the pancreas, leading to inflammation and selective destruction o...

Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D) is characterized by a heightened antibody (Ab) response to pancreatic islet self-antigens, which is a biomarker of progressive islet pathology. We recently identified a novel antibody to clade B serpin that reduces islet-associated T cell accumulation and is linked to the delayed onset of T1D. As natural immunity to clade B arises early in life, we hypothesized th...

The clinical results recently reported by the Edmonton group in recipients of allogeneic islet grafts, all of whom achieved at least temporary insulin independence, has rekindled interest in transplantation of islets of Langerhans as a means to cure diabetes. Long-term islet graft survival has been achieved in a non-human primate pre-clinical model with a protocol of T-cell signaling blockade u...