Iron-peroxide intermediates are central in the reaction cycle of many iron-containing biomolecules. We trapped iron(III)-(hydro)peroxo species in crystals of superoxide reductase (SOR), a nonheme mononuclear iron enzyme that scavenges superoxide radicals. X-ray diffraction data at 1.95 angstrom resolution and Raman spectra recorded in crystallo revealed iron-(hydro)peroxo intermediates with the...

The title compound, C28H34ClNO2 {systematic name: (E)-1-(4-chloro-phen-yl)ethanone O-[(1R,4aS,10aR)-7-isopropyl-1,4a-di-methyl-1,2,3,4,4a,9,10,10a-octa-hydro-phenanthrene-1-carbonyl]oxime}, was synthesized from de-hydro-abietic acid. In the de-hydro-abietyl moiety, the central and terminal cyclo-hexane rings display chair and half-chair conformations, respectively, and a trans-ring junction. Th...

In the title mol-ecule, C(25)H(19)N(3)O(3)S(3), the tetra-hydro-pyridine ring adopts a half-chair conformation. The dihedral angle between the least-squares plane through the tetra-hydro-pyridine ring and two thio-phene and two benzene rings are 6.25 (9), 89.49 (9), 76.43 (9) and 84.93 (8)°, respectively, while the dihedral angle between the 1,3,4-oxadiazole and tetra-hydro-pyridine rings is 81...

The hydro-chloride salt of isonicotinamide, C6H7N2O(+)·Cl(-), has been synthesized from a dilute solution of hydro-chloric acid in aceto-nitrile. The compound displays monoclinic symmetry (space group C2/c) at 150 K, similar to the related hydro-chloride salt of nicotinamide. The asymmetric unit contains one protonated isonicotinamide mol-ecule and a chloride anion. An array of hydrogen-bonding...

The title compound, C9H12O5, is a bicyclic lactone, presenting a 2,6-dioxabi-cyclo-[3.3.0]octan-3-one skeleton, which was obtained through an intra-molecular lactonization. The bicyclic lactone presents a cis ring-junction and a 1,5-trans-substituted tetra-hydro-furan. Both five-membered rings are in twisted envelope conformations with one of the fused C atoms as the flap. The dihedral angle be...

In this paper, we develop a dynamic Bertrand model of competition among hydroelectric (hydro) generators. Unlike other competitors in electricity generation markets, hydro generators’ current pricing decisions affect their future productive capacity through their impact on available water reserves. Our model assumes that each player uses a Markov strategy based on the current state of water res...

In the title mol-ecule, C13H14N2O3S, the di-hydro-pyrimidine ring is in a flattened sofa conformation, with the methine C atom forming the flap. The dihedral angle between the mean plane of the five essentially planar atoms of the di-hydro-pyrimidine ring [maximum deviation = 0.056 (4) Å] and the benzene ring is 89.4 (2)°. The O atom of the carbonyl group is in a trans conformation with respect...

The title compound, C(18)H(16)O(2), was prepared by reduction of 2-(5,6,7,8-tetra-hydro-2-naphtho-yl)benzoic acid with zinc dust. The benzene ring in the tetra-hydro-naphthyl substituent is nearly perpendicular to the plane of the isobenzofuran-1(3H)-one ring [87.15 (4)°]. The cyclo-hexane unit has a half-chair conformation in which two methylene groups in the tetra-methyl-ene bridge are disord...

This paper presents a hydraulic hybrid vehicle drive train to improve the fuel efficiency of a passenger car. The developed hydro-mechanical drive train enables independent control of the torque at each wheel. The motivation for developing this drive train is a hydraulic hybrid vehicle test bed for the Center for Compact and Efficient Fluid Power at the University of Minnesota. The hydro-mechan...

This research presents an integrated system of computer software, networking and web-based display developed and deployed to allow drainage management authorities immediate access to results from the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Hydrological Extension model, WRF-Hydro. Output data from the model are analyzed by a chain of GIS, database and web publishing tools to forge updated and rea...