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A 64 year old man with a giant benign sternal chondroma presented with cough as his sole complaint. Primary benign sternal tumours are uncommon."2 O'Neal and Ackerman3 reviewed 85 cartilaginous lesions of ribs and sternum that had been reported up to 1950 and added 11 of their own. Eight of the 96 cases were reported to be benign tumours of the sternum, though the benignity was questioned in fo...

SIR,-An 86-year-old woman had a 10 year history of oesophagitis and had been treated intermittently with cimetidine or ranitidine. Because of progression in symptoms in 1989, omeprazole 40 mg daily was started. At that time the patient had normal serum creatinine concentration. 2 months later she was admitted with renal failure: maximum serum creatinine 858 pmol/L (normal < 120). A renal needle...

Emerging evidences suggest that Ca(2+)activated-K(+)-(BK) channel is involved in the regulation of cell viability. The changes of the cell viability observed under hyperkalemia (15 mEq/L) or hypokalemia (0.55 mEq/L) conditions were investigated in HEK293 cells expressing the hslo subunit (hslo-HEK293) in the presence or absence of BK channel modulators. The BK channel openers(10(-11)-10(-3)M) w...

Purpose: Local activation of rennin-angiotensin system (RAS) is involved in the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD). One of the RAS components, angiotensinogen (AGT) has been known to be a potential surrogate biomarker for the renal RAS activity. Measuring the daily urinary excretion of AGT (U-AGT), the present study addressed whether the intensive blood pressure (BP) lowering with comb...

The purpose of this commentary is to suggest that hyponatremia may develop in some patients in the absence of vasopressin action and to illustrate the possible pathophysiology and its clinical implications. The traditional approach to understanding the pathophysiology of hyponatremia centers on a reduced electrolytefree water excretion due to actions of vasopressin [1, 2]. In some clinical sett...

Chronobiology is the term applied to the study of how body rhythms are governed by our environment, starting with the solar system, which cycles night and day and changes one season into another (1). Bodily responses encompassed by chronobiology determine both everyday behavior and expression of illness (2). Key rhythms modulating health and disease states may be circadian (lasting about 24 h a...

BACKGROUND Step therapy for angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) requiring prior use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) is a common cost-containment intervention in managed care. OBJECTIVE This study was designed to assess the effectiveness of the step-therapy intervention for ARBs, including ARB/hydrochlorthiazide (HCTZ) combinations, as measured by prescription use patterns...

The current study is to validate spectrophotometric method with UV detection for identification and determination of losartan potassium in respect of analytical parameters accuracy, precision, linearity. This simple, sensitive, accurate, economical and reproducible UV Spectrophotometric method can be applied for the determination of Losartan Potassium (LP) tablet dosage forms. The method is bas...