. A technique for hydrodynamic experiments has been developed to study a disk atomizer in rotary mass transfer apparatus. In the course of experiments, indicator method determines average residence time liquid on contact device, volume retained diameter droplets formed, and height gas-liquid layer

Pyocyanin is an electrochemically active metabolite produced by the human pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa. It is a recognized virulence factor and is involved in a variety of significant biological activities including gene expression, maintaining fitness of bacterial cells and biofilm formation. It is also recognized as an electron shuttle for bacterial respiration and as an antibacterial and ...

Unfolding/refolding of a plasma protein, human serum albumin (HSA), is studied using fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) and single molecule fluorescence resonance energy transfer (sm-FRET). Addition of cholesterol causes unfolding of HSA resulting in an increase in the hydrodynamic diameter (dH = 2rH) from 76 Å in the native state to 120 Å upon addition of 1 mM cholesterol. Addition of...

Large solutes such as high molecular weight proteins can be difficult to encapsulate in lipid vesicles. Passive trapping of these macromolecular solutes during vesicle formation typically results in concentrations inside the vesicles that are much lower than in the external solution. Here, we investigated the effect of macromolecular crowding on passive encapsulation of biological macromolecule...

A mouse model of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection produced by hydrodynamic injection of HBV DNA has been recently established. However, the ultrastructural demonstration of HBV particles in this mouse model has not as yet been reported. In our study, plasmid DNA containing wild-type HBV DNA was rapidly injected into 8-week-old female SCID mice via the tail vein. Serum levels of HBsAg were meas...

Gold nanoparticles with a graft density of 0.09, 0.30 and 0.40chains/nm2 of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) were reproducibly synthesized by varying the ratio of disulfide terminated poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) to gold nanoparticle. The polymer coated nanoparticles were stable at room temperature in 50mM NaCl, yet agglomerated at 37°C. Previous studies have observed conflicting results as to the re...

Atomic force microscopy has been utilized to probe, at a molecular level, the interaction between purified pig gastric mucin (PGM) and a mucoadhesive cationic polymer, chitosan (sea cure 210+), with a low degree (approx. 11%) of acetylation. Images were produced detailing the structures of both PGM and chitosan in 0.1 M acetate buffer (pH 4.5), followed by the complex of the two structures in t...

in this study, liquid-liquid extraction process in a kuhni extraction column was modeled and simulated. a non-equilibrium dynamic model was developed for modeling liquid-liquid extraction processes based on a rate-based model. the model equations are inclusive of partial and ordinary differential equations which were discretized in column height direction. the population balance model was used ...