The objective of this chapter is to describe some key linkages between the ecology of salmonid fish and the hydrologic and geomorphic features of their spawning streams in British Columbia. Salmonid refers to all species in the Salmonidae family of fishes, which includes Pacific salmon and trout (Oncorhynchus spp.), char (Salvelinus spp.), grayling (Thymallus spp.), whitefish and cisco (Coregon...

[1] The science of hydrology is on the threshold of major advances, driven by new hydrologic measurements, new methods for analyzing hydrologic data, and new approaches to modeling hydrologic systems. Here I suggest several promising directions forward, including (1) designing new data networks, field observations, and field experiments, with explicit recognition of the spatial and temporal het...

Aquatic ecosystems are sensitive to the modification of hydrologic regimes, experiencing declines in stream health as the streamflow regime is altered during urbanization. This study uses streamflow records to quantify the type and magnitude of hydrologic changes across urbanization gradients in nine U.S. cities (Atlanta, GA, Baltimore, MD, Boston, MA, Detroit, MI, Raleigh, NC, St. Paul, MN, Pi...

biological soil crusts (bscs) result from an intimate association between soil particles and cyanobacteria, algae, fungi, lichens and mosses in different proportions which live on the surface, or immediately in the uppermost millimeters of soil. therefore bscs cover the ground surface as a coherent layer, and influence primary processes such as carbon and nitrogen fixation and hydrologic status...

Dominant processes in a watershed are those that most strongly control hydrologic function and response. Estimating dominant enables hydrologists to design physically realistic streamflow generation models, management interventions, understand how climate landscape features function. A recent approach estimating is through their link signatures, which metrics characterize the timeseries. Previo...

Tallgrass prairie once occupied 67.6 million hectares in the North American Midwest but less than 0.1% remains today. Consisting of more than 2200 ha, Neal Smith National Wildlife Refuge (NSNWR) was established by the US Fish and Wildlife Service in the 5217 ha Walnut Creek watershed in Jasper County, Iowa. Large tracts of land are being converted from row crop agriculture to native prairie and...

introduction: planning and management of water resource and river basins needs use of conceptual hydrologic models which play a significant role in predicting basins response to different climatic and meteorological processes. evaluating watershed response through mathematical hydrologic models requires finding a set of parameter values of the model which provides thebest fit between observed a...

Driven by the needs of engineered underground systems, the field of rock mechanics is evolving to address the interactions of in situ mechanical, thermal, hydrologic, and chemical processes and their effects on system performance. Important technical issues include understanding how the relevant loads and gradients drive in situ processes; rock mass variability, discontinuity, and heterogeneity...