Introdution: Hydrous sulfates (Ca-, Mg-, Fesulfates, and recently Al-sulfates) have been found on Mars by OMEGA (Mars Express orbiter) [1], CRISM (Mars Reconnaissance orbiter) [2], the Spirit and Opportunity rovers [3], and Phoenix lander [4]. Furthermore, the change in hydration degree of Fe 3+ -sulfates after exposed to the current Martian atmospheric condition was suggested by long-duration ...

Density of ultramafic silicate melts was determined using the sink/float technique at high pressures. Seven melt compositions were studied, among which three were dry compositions with different Mg#’s (molar MgO/(MgO + FeO) 100) and the other four were hydrous compositions synthesized by adding 2–7 wt.% H2O to the anhydrous ones. Experimental conditions range from 9 to 15 GPa and from 2173 to 2...

We present a detailed 29Si NMR spectroscopic study of isotopically enriched samples of forsterite and of anhydrous and hydrous wadsleyite and ringwoodite (α, β, and γ phases of Mg2SiO4), which complement previous extensive studies of these minerals by XRD and vibrational spectroscopy. VISi is not detected in any of the phases at levels of about 0.1 to 0.5%. When coupled with recent theoretical ...

Three samples of hydrous chromium(III) oxide have been prepared by different procedures, and their electrokinetic mobilities have been measured. In mineral media, isoelectric points were found to be 8.45 0.15. This value is shifted from the solution isoelectric point by –0.35 0.15, due to the contribution of solvation energy to the energy of ionic adsorption. On the basis of a simple model, it ...

A new hydrous silicate phase with formula Mg1.71Fe0.177Al0.01Si0.965H0.332O4 has been synthesized at 1400°C and 17.5GPa from a hydrous iron-rich mantle peridotite composition. The space group is Imma and unit cell parameters a = 5.6884(4); b = 28.9238(15); and c = 8.2382(6)Å, so that a and c are approximately those of wadsleyite, whereas b is 2.5 times that of wadsleyite. The calculated density...

To elucidate the relationship between physicochemical properties, spray characteristics, and combustion performance, a series of experiments have been conducted in a constant volume vessel with injection of hydrous ethanol diesel emulsion and regular diesel. HE30 (emulsion with 30% volume fraction of 20% water-containing ethanol and 70% volume fraction of 0# diesel) is developed using Shah’s te...

Early Mars (>3 Ga) underwent aqueous alteration as evidenced by fluvial/lacustrine morphologies and the recent discovery of widespread hydrous clays. Despite compelling evidence for diverse and localized aqueous environments, the possibility for sustained liquid water globally on the martian surface and over geological timescales is still highly debated. Instead, a durably cold and dry Mars sce...

A 2.4-year controlled-cooling-rate experiment was carried out to investigate the dependence of hydrous species concentrations in rhyolitic melt on cooling rate. The experiment allows us to obtain speciation for a cooling rate of 1.68 · 10 6 K/s, extending previous experimental data by two orders of magnitude. Furthermore, a viscosity as high as 10 Pa s is inferred for this hydrous rhyolitic mel...

Titanium-rich clinohumite and layered structure minerals are observed in kimberlite and as inclusions in pyropic garnets from the Moses Rock dike, a kimberlite-bearing breccia dike in San Juan County, Utah. Associated clinopyroxenes observed as inclusions within similar pyropes and also in kimberlite are estimated to have equilibrated at depths ranging from about 50 to 150 km at modest temperat...