2. Comparisons with synthetic 3-hydroxyand 4-hydroxy-pipecolic acids indicated that the isolated imino acid may not be 4-hydroxypipecolic acid, but 3-hydroxypipecolic acid. Strictly identical behaviour of natural and synthetic 3-hydroxypipecolic acid could not be demonstrated since the two substances differed in stereoisomeric composition. 3. 3-Hydroxyand 4-hydroxy-pipecolic acids have been syn...

Myelin in the mammalian nervous system has a high concentration of galactolipids [galactosylceramide (GalCer) and sulfatide] with 2-hydroxy fatty acids. We recently reported that fatty acid 2-hydroxylase (FA2H), encoded by the FA2H gene, is the major fatty acid 2-hydroxylase in the mouse brain. In this report, we show that FA2H also plays a major role in the formation of 2-hydroxy galactolipids...

Increasing prevalence of allergic diseases with an inadequate variety of treatment drives forward search for new alternative drugs. Fatty acids, abundant in nature, are regarded as important bioactive compounds and powerful nutrients playing an important role in lipid homeostasis and inflammation. Phytochemical study on Typhonium blumei Nicolson and Sivadasan (Araceae), a folk anti-cancer and a...

Royal jelly (RJ) is generally regarded as the major reason of the significant morphological and functional differences between queen and worker bees. The unique and chemically most interesting feature of RJ is its fatty acids. RJ fatty acids are short-chained, 8-10 carbon free acids that are usually either hydroxy fatty acids or dicarboxylic acids. The major fatty acid in RJ is 10-hydroxy-2-dec...

The formation of N-hydroxy-N-arylacylamides from nitroso aromatic compounds and 2-oxo acids was investigated using rat liver subcellular fractions. Activities were found in both mitochondria and cytosol, except for activities for phenylpyruvate and glyoxylate; the former did not produce N-hydroxy-N-phenylphenylacetamide and the latter nonenzymatically produced N-hydroxy-N-phenylformamide with n...

Procedures for preparing 4,4-dimethyloxazoline (DMOX) and pyrrolidine derivatives from fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) were modified to provide milder simpler conditions the derivatization reactions widely used in mass spectrometric analysis of acids. DMOX obtained overnight at room temperature presence sodium borohydride. The proposed method, involving a low-temperature condensation-cyclizati...

Rats were injected with radioactive acetate or propionate and, after four days, the saturated fatty acids were isolated from the brains and the brain cerebrosides. The amounts and specific activities of the individual normal and hydroxy acids were determined. In the rats given propionate, the odd-numbered acids (15:O to 25:O) had much higher specific activities. In the rats given acetate, the d...

Royal jelly (RJ) is generally regarded as the major reason of the significant morphological and functional differences between queen and worker bees. The unique and chemically most interesting feature of RJ is its fatty acids. RJ fatty acids are short-chained, 8-10 carbon free acids that are usually either hydroxy fatty acids or dicarboxylic acids. The major fatty acid in RJ is 10-hydroxy-2-dec...

The following is a guide to the more important naturally occurring fatty acids with hydroxy, epoxy (furanoid), methoxy and oxo substituents, but it is not intended to be a comprehensive list. The prostaglandins and other eicosanoids and the plant oxylipins are in essence fatty acids with additional oxygenated functional groups, but these are discussed elsewhere in this website. Similarly, hydro...