A cDNA clone coding for the trypsin inhibitor MsTI from snail medic (Medicago scutellata L.) was isolated by RT-PCR using poly(A)+ mRNA purified from immature seeds. A partial cDNA fragment was produced using degenerated oligonucleotides designed from the available MsTI amino acid sequence. The full-length cDNA was obtained by RACE-PCR experiments. A putative signal peptide for subcellular loca...

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Hydrolytic enzymes from hypopharyngeal gland extracts of newly emerged, nurse and foraging workers of two eusocial bees, Scaptotrigona postica, a native Brazilian stingless bee, and the Africanized honey bee (Apis mellifera) in Brazil, were compared. The hypopharyngeal gland is rich in enzymes in both species. Fifteen different enzymes were found in the extracts, with only a few quantitative di...

In the present study we compare genetic characteristics (allele diversity and observed heterozygosity) of microsatellite loci, from three stingless bee species (Plebeia remota Holmberg, Partamona mulata Moure In Camargo and Partamona helleri Friese), amplified by using heterospecific primers originally designed for Melipona bicolor Lepeletier and Scaptotrigona postica Latreille. We analyzed 360...

The Chinese fauna of the Fannia postica-group Chillcott (1961) is reviewed, the diagnostic features of this group are redefined, one new species, Fannia nudifemoratasp. n., is described, and a key to the males of nine known species is given. One new junior synonym, Fannia tigripeda Xue, Wang&Li, syn. n. for Fannia stigi Rognes is established. To facilitate comparisons of the species, Fannia aet...