beech forests in midland areas of hyrcanian forests of iran are the most important forests having the highest degree of naturalness. these forests are the valuable source of wood production and other forest products. one of the most important characteristics of plant communities is the spatial pattern of trees. ecological process in forest ecosystems are directly influenced by the spatial patte...

the hyrcanian forests have been highly exploited in recent decades by human impacts. easy access, abundance and variety of valuable forest yields have led to population growth density, creation of new residential areas and deforestation activities. change detection is one of the main methods of management and evaluation of natural resources. we investigated forest changes in southern surroundin...

chainsaw is an important machine for tree felling limbing and bucking in hyrcanian forest and the major problems related to using forest machines was sound intensity. the aim of this study was to measure the sound level in occupational exposure of workers, determine the exposure time of workers and comparison of the variables among the workers. this study was carried out in namkhaneh district i...

The patterns of diversity Lepidoptera and its relationship with environmental characteristics in the Hyrcanian forests northern Iran have not been investigated so far, while such studies are extremely effective restoring forest biodiversity. This study aimed to assess relationships between vegetation abundance Darabkola forest, Sari district (Mazandaran province, Iran). Light trapping yielded a...