treated are already for the most part deeply infected before there is any possibility of treating them. " Some few things have had to be unlearnt. We know, for instance, why our forefathers made such large and deep incisions, why they amputated so freely, and why they preferred simple circular amputations to the more elaborate, and, as it seemed to us, the better method of cutting flaps. We kno...

ABSTRACT- Desert truffles are hypogeous ascomyceteous ectomycorrhizal fungi, occurring in arid and semi-arid ecosystems. A PCR-based method was developed for the identification of 3 major desert truffles of Iran: Terfezia claveryi, Tirmania pinoyi and Tirmania nivea based on internal transcribed spacers of rDNA. Two specific PCR primers were designed for T. claveryi, 4 for T. pinoyi, and 2 for ...

1.Blaseio, U. and F. Pfeiffer. 1990. Transformation of Halobacterium halobium: development of vectors and investigation of gas vesicle synthesis. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 87:67726776. 2.Cline, W.S., W.L. Lam, R.L. Charlebois, L.C. Schalkwyk, and W.F. Doolittle. 1989. Transformation methods for halophilic archaebacteria. Can. J. Microbiol. 35:148-152. 3.Cohen, S.N., A.C.Y. Chang, and L. Hsu. 1...

background: trichomoniasis, caused by trichomonas vaginalis , is one of the most common sexually transmitted infections in the world. diagnosis of t. vaginalis is performed by different methods, including wet mount, culture, serological methods and pcr, which required laboratory equipments and expert laboratory personnel. the aim of this study was evaluation of immunochromatographic strip test ...

In clinical microbiology, molecular genetic techniques are increasingly being used to detect and/or differentiate uncultivable, anaerobic, or fastidious microorganisms. During the past decade, DNA probe hybridization and in vitro amplification by polymerase chain reaction have also been introduced to detect oral pathogens. The present review describes experiences with methods and commercial tes...

To date, the majority of molecular genetic studies in algae have utilized a fairly limited range of markers such as the plastid rbcL gene and spacer, the mitochondrial cox2-3 spacer or the nuclear ribosomal DNA and spacers. The lack of available markers has been particularly problematic in studies of within-species variation. Whilst microsatellites are now being developed in many algal species,...

various molecular techniques are available to make differences and to study the genetic divergences among species and populations, of which the most efficient ones are pcr-based markers. one of these methods, molecular fingerprinting, enables the distinction of closely related populations. issr-primers are universal primers that can be used for such studies. the utility of these primers was tes...