The AMSR-E sea ice standard level 3 products include sea ice concentration, sea ice temperature, and snow depth on sea ice. The AMSR-E standard sea ice concentration product is generated using the enhanced NASA Team (NT2) algorithm described by Markus and Cavalieri (2000), the snow depth is produced from the algorithm described by Markus and Cavalieri (1998) for both hemispheres, but excluding ...

Ice Mile swimming (1608 m in water of below 5 °Celsius) is becoming increasingly popular. This case study aimed to identify body core temperature and selected haematological and biochemical parameters before and after repeated Ice Miles. An experienced ice swimmer completed three consecutive Ice Miles within 15 h. Swim times, body core temperatures, and selected urinary and haematological param...

The front position of calving glaciers is controlled by ice speed and frontal ablation which consists of the two processes of calving and subaqueous melting. However, the relative importance of these processes in frontal variation is difficult to assess and poorly understood, particularly for freshwater calving glaciers. To better understand the mechanism of seasonal variations involved in the ...

[1] The Visible Infrared Imager Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) instrument was launched in October 2011 on the satellite now known as the Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership. VIIRS was designed to improve upon the capabilities of the operational Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer and provide observation continuity with NASA’s Earth Observing System’s Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradi...

To investigate effects of diurnal thermal cycles on C-band polarimetric backscatter and millimeter-wave emission from sea ice, we carried out a winter experiment at the outdoor Geophysical Research Facility (GRF) in the Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory (CRREL). The ice sheet grew from open sea water to a thickness of 10 cm in 2.5 days, during which we took polarimetric backscatt...

The peppers which were treated at ice-temperature for 6 hours and 1 mmol/L spermidine for 10 min, followed by cold storage (4 ̊C ± 1 ̊C) respectively were investigated. The results indicated that the chilling injury was delayed and reduced by ice-temperature and spermidine treatments. Comparing with control group, ice-temperature and spermidine exerted significant effects on reduction of ascorbic...

We have investigated the effect of ice substrate on the temperature dependent structural changes of formic acid. Infrared spectra of HCOOH@KBr, HCOOH@H2Oamorphous and HCOOH@H2Ocrystalline were measured in the temperature range of 18–180 K (X@Y represents X deposited on Y). At 18 K formic acid deposited over ice exists principally as its dimer. Upon increase of temperature, the dimer gets conver...

Monitoring of ice-shelf and sub-ice-shelf ocean temperatures represents an important component in understanding ice-sheet stability. Continuous monitoring is challenging due to difficult surface access, difficulties in penetrating the ice shelf, and the need for long-term operation of nonrecoverable sensors. We aim to develop rapid lightweight drilling and near-continuous fiber-optic temperatur...

Englacial and basal temperature data for the Greenland ice sheet (GrIS) are sparse and mostly limited to deep interior sites and ice streams, providing an incomplete representation of the thermal state of ice within the ablation zone. Here we present 11 temperature profiles at five sites along a 34 km east–west transect of West Greenland. These profiles depict ice temperatures along a flowline ...