previous studies involving the ideal observer, the task considered has been that detection where it is assumed that there is complete a priori knowledge of the and of the possible object's shape, amplitude, and position. It is shown that the detection task to include the possibility of an unknown, slowly varying back._ _ ground reduces the importance of the low-frequency components in the image...

The purpose of the present study was to identify any significant relationship between critical thinking ability, L2 vocabulary knowledge, and L2 vocabulary learning strategies of Iranian EFL learners. To this aim, the productive vocabulary levels test was administered to measure the learner’s L2 vocabulary knowledge and observe homogeneity in terms of vocabulary knowledge. At the second stage, ...

The L2 motivation self system (L2MSS) has been extensively researched in a variety of contexts, but few studies have delved into its relationship with international posture and the sustainable development proficiency COVID-19 era. To address this issue, we surveyed 156 English majors China analyzed their response data structural equation modelling. results show that ideal positively predicts le...

FIR filters obtained with the classical L2 method have performance that is very sensitive to the form of the ideal response selected for the transition region. In this paper we propose a means for selecting the unknown part of a compIex ideal response optimally. By selecting a proper L2 criterion and using variational techniques we succeed in minimizing the criterion with respect to the ideal r...

Studies around the world show that students’ motivation for learning English as a foreign language is usually interconnected with teachers’ motivation. To explore this relationship, study investigated five Bangladeshi EFL early experiences, their visions of possible L2 selves, motivations becoming teachers and way they connect classroom teaching motivating students. This employed Motivational S...

the purpose of the present study was to identify any significant relationship between critical thinking ability, l2 vocabulary knowledge, and l2 vocabulary learning strategies of iranian efl learners. to this aim, the productive vocabulary levels test was administered to measure the learner’s l2 vocabulary knowledge and observe homogeneity in terms of vocabulary knowledge. at the second stage, ...

This mixed method study investigated the relationship between L2 motivational self-system, students' perceptions of English proficiency, and attitudes toward translanguaging among Japanese high school students. Participants completed a questionnaire comprising three parts: background information, motivation factors, language choice. Structural equation modeling (N = 213) trajectory equifinality...

Definition 1.1. A curved L∞ algebra over A consists of a locally free finitely generated graded A]-module V, together with a cohomological degree 1 and square zero derivation d : Ŝym(V∨[−1])→ Ŝym(V∨[−1]) where V∨ is the A]-linear dual and the completed symmetric algebra is also over A]. There are two additional requirements on the derivation d: (1) The derivation d makes Ŝym(V∨[−1]) into a dga ...

In L2 development, the cognitive complexity of tasks plays a crucial role in task performance and language features produced. However, there have only been few studies addressing the impact of task complexity on EFL learners' attention to L2 system and form-focused self-repairs (FFS).This study explores the role of increasing cognitive task complexity in EFL learners' form-focused attention (FF...