Over the past decade, emoji have emerged as a new and widespread form of digital communication, spanning diverse social networks and spoken languages. We propose to treat these ideograms as a new modality in their own right, distinct in their semantic structure from both the text in which they are often embedded as well as the images which they resemble. As a new modality, emoji present rich no...

UNLABELLED The Plant rDNA database (www.plantrdnadatabase.com) is an open access online resource providing detailed information on numbers, structures and positions of 5S and 18S-5.8S-26S (35S) ribosomal DNA loci. The data have been obtained from >600 publications on plant molecular cytogenetics, mostly based on fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH). This edition of the database contains inf...

Online and offline handwritten Chinese text recognition (HTCR) has been studied for decades. Early methods adopted oversegmentation-based strategies but suffered from low speed, insufficient accuracy, high cost of character segmentation annotations. Recently, segmentation-free based on connectionist temporal classification (CTC) attention mechanism, have dominated the field HCTR. However, peopl...

Working memory is affected by items stored and the relations between them. However, separating these factors has been difficult, because increased items usually accompany increased associations/relations. Hence, some have argued, relational effects are reducible to item effects. We overcome this problem by manipulating index length: the fewest number of item positions at which there is a unique...

Learning in a well-established paradigm of probabilistic category learning, the weather prediction task, has been assumed to be mediated by a variety of strategies reflecting explicit learning processes, such as hypothesis testing, when it is administered to young healthy participants. Higher categorization accuracy has been observed in the task when explicit processes are facilitated. We hypot...

This paper describes machine translation of proper names from Japanese to Japanese Sign Language (JSL). “Proper name transliteration” is a kind of machine translation of proper names between spoken languages and involves character-tocharacter conversion based on pronunciation. However, transliteration methods cannot be applied to Japanese-JSL machine translation because proper names in JSL are ...

The history of AI research in Japan goes back to the 1960s. At Kyoto University, Toshiyuki Sakai formed a research group that focused on media information processing (computer vision, speech processing, and natural language processing). The major members included Shuji Doshita (speech recognition), Makoto Nagao (natural language pro-cessing/computer vision), and Takeo Kanade (computer vision). ...

This dissertation examines the visual cultures of postwar biomedicine, with a particular focus on how various techniques, conventions, and professional norms have shaped the `look', classification, diagnosis, and understanding of genetic diseases. Many scholars have previously highlighted the `informational' approaches of postwar genetics, which treat the human genome as an expansive data set c...

In a noteworthy 1935 book, Ludwik Fleck wrote that what science accepts and interprets as “fact” is not purely objective, but is a product of the history and underlying theory of the science at the time.1,2 Contextual and even subjective factors drive, mold, and constrain scientific inference more than we may realize. Fleck showed how scientific illustrations serve as ideograms that reflect but...