The double refraction of the chitinous hair of the crayfish is positive with respect to the axis of the hair, and is largely caused by the arrangement of submicroscopic, elongated chitin particles parallel to this axis (form birefringence). Using a series of relatively unreactive liquids and fluid mixtures which permeate the chitin framework, the type of curve relating double refraction and ref...

Protease activities were detected in quiescent and germinating spores of the ostrich fern (Matteuccia struthiopteris [L.] Todaro). Peak endopeptidase, aminopeptidase, and carboxypeptidase activities were detected 12 to 24 hours after spores began imbibing under light. There was a correlation between activities of proteases, the onset of a decline in levels of soluble protein, and an increase in...

The scientific basis of the adverse, or at times lethal, effect of ingesting durian (Durio zibethinus Murray) while imbibing alcohol has not been established. Symptoms are reminiscent of the Disulfiram-Ethanol Reaction (DER) arising from the inhibition of aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH). Cognizant of the inhibitory effect of sulfur compounds like disulfiram on ALDH and the rich sulfur content of ...

Alcohol has been part of human culture for all of recorded history, and for most of that history people have understood its potential to harm both the person imbibing and the greater society. But measuring the true burden posed by alcohol on a local, national, and global scale can be challenging. Researchers have tackled that challenge by creating new techniques and combining old ones to develo...

Hydrogels are three-dimensional polymeric networks those swell quickly by imbibing a large amount of water or deswell in response to even miniscule changes in their external environment. The water uptake or swelling may be thousands of times of their initial volume in water. The volume phase transitions as a response to different stimuli make these materials interesting objects of scientific ob...

Micron scale latex beads are well established as highly biocompatible reagents. Imbibing two fluorescent dyes into the interior of the beads enables the creation of a family of combinatorially colored labels. Previous use of such beads, in flow cytometry for example, has focused on beads of approximately 5 microm diameter. We show here that 280 nm combinatorially labeled particles can be used t...

Swelling parameters were determined for 15 seed species; the swelling quotients were found to range from less than 1.1 (castorbean) to 2.8 (mungbean) and swelling coefficients ranged from 0.09 (castorbean) to 0.42 (cowpea). Swelling leads to a lowering of specific gravity of those seeds with high initial specific gravity, and an elevation of those with low initial specific gravity. The extent o...

India has been proficiently imbibing the conception of corporate environmentalism since time immemorial. It is preferred to study the contemporary trends of corporate greening in reference of iron industry because Iron and steel making in India have a history of more than 125 years and it is one of the leading industries. With the assistance of GAP analysis, environmental management practices o...

Traces of luteolin, an important rhizobial nod gene inducer in Rhizobium meliloti, are released by alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) seeds, but most luteolin in the seed exudate is conjugated as luteolin-7-O-glucoside (L7G). Processes affecting the production of luteolin from L7G in seed exudate are poorly understood. Results from this study establish that (a) seed coats are the primary source of fl...