Two major clues are provided to investigators regarding the pathogenesis of reactive arthritis. The first is that the arthritis is induced by infection with certain intracellular bacteria. These include Salmonella typhimurium, Shigella flexneri, Yersinia enterocolitica and Chlamydia trachomatis. The sec ond is that most patients are HLA-B 27 positive. Because the incidence of HLA-B 27 is very h...

Background: Rheumatoid Arthritis patients are evaluated during treatment for various inflammatory factors such as C-reactive protein, Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate, and Disease Activity Score, and other immune system-related factors. In the follow-up of patients with rheumatoid arthritis, hematologic factors associated with the immune system especially Platelet to Lymphocyte Ratio and Neutroph...

Microbes reach the synovial cavity either directly during bacteraemia or by transport within lymphoid cells or monocytes. This may stimulate the immune system excessively, triggering arthritis. Some forms of ReA correspond to slow infectious arthritis due to the persistence of microbes and some to an infection triggered arthritis linked to an extra-articular site of infection.

Rice body formation in a joint or bursa is a rare condition, and is usually associated with rheumatoid arthritis or tuberculous arthritis. Here we describe a case of multiple rice body formation in a shoulder joint and in adjacent bursae, which was confirmed to be due to septic arthritis by Candida species. To the best of our knowledge, rice body formation in Candida septic arthritis in an immu...

Objective: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is associated with immunemediated bone loss and thereby increased risk for fractures. Estrogen and selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) ameliorate not only the incidence and progression of experimental RA but also the immunemediated bone loss. The aim of this thesis was to elucidate estrogen signaling pathways in arthritis and the associated immune...

Introduction The CAEV virus Taxonomy Virus genome and replication Target cells in vivo and in vitro Clinical and pathological aspects Arthritis: Clinical aspects Arthritis: Pathological and histopathological changes Mastitis Encephalitis Pneumonia Immunopathological aspects of CAEV induced disease Restriction of virus replication in vivo Immunopathology and B cell immune response Immunopatholog...

Animals were injected intra-articularly with antigen after prior immunization with that antigen in Freund's incomplete adjuvant in order to precipitate immune complexes in the surfaces of menisci, ligaments, and cartilage. On reimmunization with antigen in Freund's complete adjuvant 10 weeks later, generally an arthritis limited to the intercondylar fossa developed; but on intra-articular injec...

We studied 78 patients with Lyme disease to determine how immune complexes and autoantibodies are related to the development of chronic Lyme arthritis. Circulating C1q binding material was found in nearly all patients at onset of erythema chronicum migrans, the skin lesion that marks the onset of infection with the causative spirochete. In patients with only subsequent arthritis this material t...

OBJECTIVES Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an immune-mediated inflammatory disease of unknown aetiology. Recent work has shown that systemic autoimmunity precedes synovial inflammation, and animal models have suggested that changes in the lymph nodes may precede those in the synovial tissue. Therefore, we investigated the cellular composition of the lymph node in the earliest phases of inflammator...

Etanercept, infliximab and adalimumab have shown clinical benefit in immune-mediated inflammatory diseases; however, the outcome of treatment with these tumour-necrosis factor inhibitors remains insufficient in 40–60% of individuals with rheumatoid arthritis. Moreover, their use is accompanied by adverse events and unintentional immune suppression. Pharmacogenetics has the potential to increase...