Apoptosis and its molecular mediators, the caspases, have long been regarded as tumor suppressors and one hallmark of cancer is 'Evading Apoptosis'. However, recent work has suggested that apoptotic caspases can also promote proliferation and tumor growth under certain conditions. How caspases promote proliferation and how cells are protected from the potentially harmful action of apoptotic cas...

Many nonsense suppressors of Saccharomyces cerevisiae cause growth inhibition on hypertonic media. Eight tyrosine-inserting UAA (ochre) suppressors, eight tyrosine-inserting UAG (amber) suppressors, a leucine-inserting UAG suppressor, and a serine-inserting recessive lethal UAG suppressor cause osmotic sensitivity, whereas a serine-inserting UAA suppressor does not cause sensitivity. Although t...

BACKGROUND In the placebo-controlled trial ACTG A5197, a trend favoring viral suppression was seen in the HIV-1-infected subjects who received a recombinant Ad5 HIV-1 gag vaccine. OBJECTIVE To identify individuals with initial viral suppression (plasma HIV-1 RNA set point <3.0 log(10) copies/ml) during the analytic treatment interruption (ATI) and evaluate the durability and correlates of vir...

Abstract Background Maladaptive emotion regulation strategies are predictive of negative outcomes in adolescence which, turn, may impact on later well-being. Objective The current study aimed at testing the moderating role emotional self-efficacy relation between expressive suppression and engagement internalizing behavior, controlling for gender effect. Method A total 526 adolescents (M age = ...

Abstract Background Brassinosteroid (BR) signaling regulates plant growth and development in concert with other pathways. Although many genes have been identified that play a role BR signaling, the biological functional consequences of disrupting those key still require detailed investigation. Results Here we performed phenotypic transcriptomic comparisons A. thaliana lines carrying loss-of-fun...

Abstract Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are potent immune suppressors and critical to the maintenance of immunological tolerance. Interleukin 2 (IL-2) is essential for Treg survival, expansion, phenotypic stability, suppressive function. However, Tregs do not produce IL-2 dependent on exogenous sources IL-2. This poses a significant challenge cell therapies in tissues with no or limited availabilit...

We report the enrichment of and immune responses mediated by genes expressed by Mycobacterium tuberculosis inside macrophages as a function of time. Results indicate that M. tuberculosis expresses different genes at different times postinfection. Genes expressed early (day 1) following infection enhance M. tuberculosis-mediated activation of dendritic cells (DCs), whereas genes expressed later ...

The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) has indicated that stimulation of protective antibody titers from vaccination could be used to substantiate a supplement or food health claim on the function of the immune system related to defense against pathogens in healthy individuals. Vaccination allows exposure of the immune system to controlled quantities of antigen and also for assessment of med...