It is the purpose of the present paper to highlight the figure of Eubulides, a relatively unknown Greek philosopher who lived ±405–330 BC and taught at Megara, not far from Athens. He is mainly known for his four paradoxes (the Liar, the Sorites, the Electra, and the Horns), and for the mutual animosity between him and his younger contemporary Aristotle. The Megarian school of philosophy was on...

We have been aware from the beginning that the mere act of providing such a list is to ask for dissent and disparagement. To start with, what does “important” mean? Does it just mean popular? Is DukeElder on the list just because a lot of copies of his book were sold? It is our hope to call a book important when there seems to be some agreement that the book has made a significant contribution ...

In this book entitled Thoracic Surgery Before the 20th Century, Dr. Lew A. Hochberg has pictured the development of this art during its hundreds of formative years. In most instances, the author has gone to original references and translations for the material to fill this volume of 858 pages. The reader is brought chronologically through the 18th century in the first 186 pages, the remainder o...

spine surgery began its evolution in the beginning of the 19th century in order to reach nowadays the point of being considered an important subspecialty of neurosurgery and orthopaedics. the purpose of this historical review is the search and evaluation of the progress in spine surgery in the second half of the 20th century. this review concerns the evolution of this field in greece. special r...

abstract aesthetic viewpoints and philosophical concepts are effective factors which can conduct artistic movements. the impact of philosophical basis on the cultural, social, historical and artistic tendencies is to extent that the mentioned philosophical basis is specified as detailed and separated chapters. among the development and exposition of the philosophical concepts of art area, there...

The relation between the special relativity and quantum mechanics is discussed. Based on the postulate that space-time inversion is equa-valent to particle-antiparticle transformation, the essence of special relativity is explored and the relativistic modification on Stationary Schrödinger Equation is derived. The 20th century is coming to an end. Many people wish to speculate on the developmen...

In 2002, Munk defined an important enigma of 20th century global mean sea-level (GMSL) rise that has yet to be resolved. First, he listed three canonical observations related to Earth's rotation [(i) the slowing of Earth's rotation rate over the last three millennia inferred from ancient eclipse observations, and changes in the (ii) amplitude and (iii) orientation of Earth's rotation vector ove...

The modern discipline of biology was formed in the 20th century from roots deep in the natural-history tradition, which dates from Aristotle. Not surprisingly, therefore, ecology can also be traced to natural history, especially its 19th-century tradition emphasizing the adaptive nature of organisms to their environment. During the 20th century, ecology has developed and matured from pioneering...