in this paper, second law analysis for calculations of the entropy generation due to the flow andheat transfer of water-al2o3 and ethylene glycol-al2o3 nanofluids inside annuli is presented. thephysical properties of the nanofluids are calculated using empirical correlations. constant heatfluxes at inner surface of the annuli are considered and fully developed condition for fluid flowand heat t...

The current study was carried out to evaluate the quantity and quality of rural domestic waste generation and to identify the factors affecting it in rural areas of Khodabandeh county in Zanjan Province, Iran. Waste samplings consisted of 318 rural households in 11 villages. In order to evaluate the quality and quantity of the rural domestic waste, waste production was classified into 12 groups...

in this work, improved heat generation models are developed for straight and tapered shoulder geometries with different tool pin profiles in friction stir welding. the models are developed considering the welding process as a combination of the pure sliding and the pure sticking conditions. from the results, the amount of heat generation is directly proportional to the number of edges in the pi...

in order to improve the reliability of the power system, sufficient amount of new capacity should be installed in the network. usually generation units’ payoff in an energy market is not adequate to cover their expenses. therefore, energy only market cannot induce investors to invest in generation field. due to energy only market inefficiency, a supplementary algorithm is suggested to cover the...

Intergenerational solidarity is and important phenomenon for strengthening  social cohesion and is an important immediate mechanism that has major role in the transfer of knowledge from generation to generation. But the distance between parents and youth, among generations, and this gap exists between the social system, with profound social problems facing the generation gap in the process in t...

Generally the generation units in the traditional structure of the electricity industry try to minimize their costs. However, in a deregulated environment, generation units are looking to maximize their profits in a competitive power market. Optimum generation planning in such structure is urgent. This paper presents a new method of solving economic dispatch in the competitive electricity marke...

pistachio psylla, agonoscena pistaciae burckhardt & lauterer, is a key pest of pistachio trees in the pistachio-producing regions throughout iran. the investigation of biology of pests under the field condition in each region is the first step that must be taken in developing an integrated pest management program. the seasonal fluctuations of eggs, nymphs and adults of pistachio psylla were inv...

Medium-term modeling of electricity market has essential role in generation expansion planning. On the other hand, uncertainties strongly affect modeling and consequently, strategic analysis of generation firms in the medium term. Therefore, models considering these uncertainties are highly required. Among uncertain variables considered in the medium term generation planning, demand and hyd...