Martilli’s urban parameterization scheme is improved and implemented in a mesoscale model in order to take into account the typical effects of a real city on the air temperature near the ground and on the surface exchange fluxes. The mesoscale model is run on a single column using atmospheric data and radiation recorded above roof level as forcing. Here, the authors validate Martilli’s urban bo...

Main atmospheric parameters characterizing the turbulence were measured at the Paranal ESO Observatory (Chile) with the Generalized Seeing Monitor (GSM) during 19 nights in November–December 1998. The median seeing for this period was 0.88′′, a little worse than average, the spatial coherence outer scale of the wavefront L0 = 22.0 m and the median isoplanatic angle θ0 = 1.90′′. A very good agre...

The mountains of Himalayas are the important channels for the mass exchange between surface layer of Northern Hemisphere and troposphere. The mountains relate surface layer atmosphere over the Tibetan Plateau and the above free atmosphere through many atmospheric circulation systems including mountain-valley wind and glacier wind etc. Mt. Qomolangma (Mt. Everest) is the highest peak in the worl...

introduction population growth, along with the rapid development in industrial and many urban sectors, and lack of sustainable development approach in urban planning are all caused great changes in environment in form of pollution and ravage. in urban environments, complexity of spaces and urban manmade phenomena as well as the lack of regular and continuous measurement of atmospheric elements ...

The stable boundary layer (SBL) is a stably stratified atmospheric layer that usually forms in the night over land when the earth cools as a result of a net loss of radiation[7]. The wind field characteristics in SBL distinctly differ from those in unstable boundary layer that forms in the daytime. Figures 1(a) and 1(b) show how the longitudinal wind speed and the wind direction change with the...

[1] It is argued that deep atmospheric convection might occur during winter in ice-free high-latitude oceans, and that the surface radiative warming effects of the clouds and water vapor associated with this winter convection could keep high-latitude oceans ice-free through polar night. In such an ice-free high-latitude ocean the annual-mean SST would be much higher and the seasonal cycle would...

Urban boundary layers (UBLs) can be highly complex due to the heterogeneous roughness and heating of the surface, particularly at night. Due to a general lack of observations, it is not clear whether canonical models of boundary layer mixing are appropriate in modelling air quality in urban areas. This paper reports Doppler lidar observations of turbulence profiles in the centre of London, UK, ...

In this article electrochemical determination of captopril at the surface of the platinum coated nanoporous gold film (PtNPGF) electrode is reported using the cyclic voltammetry and amperometry. For the preparation of PtNPGF, the surface of NPGF electrode was covered with Cu layer using underpotential electrochemical deposition (UPD).Afterward, the copper layer is replaced with platinum ions vi...