the risks of transmitting viral infection by blood and plasma-derived products have long been known and still remain an area of concern. in this study, in the process of purifying human factor vii from prothrombin complex, sid treatment using tri-n-butyl phosphate and tween 80 was employed and its capability and efficacy was studied. the results indicated that the process did not affect the bio...

X-inactivation is the coordinated silencing of nearly all genes on one of the two X chromosomes in female mammals. X-inactivation requires the cis-acting Xist gene. The highly unusual properties of Xist and the extremely long distances over which Xist acts have made it difficult to reconcile X-inactivation with other examples of gene regulation. This paper presents new findings that suggest tha...

The low-temperature plasma process is an advanced technology that has recently enjoyed great popularity due to its eco-friendly nature and antibacterial efficacy. Plasma-activated water (PAW)—a product of non-thermal reaction with water, containing a rich variety highly reactive oxygen nitrogen species (RONS), green prospective solution for decontamination microorganisms in wide range biotechno...

The transcriptional silencing of one of the female X-chromosomes is a finely regulated process that requires accumulation in cis of the long non-coding RNA X-inactive-specific transcript (Xist) followed by a series of epigenetic modifications. Little is known about the molecular machinery regulating initiation and maintenance of chromosomal silencing. Here, we introduce a new version of our alg...

key dissimilarities between thermophilic and mesophilic anaerobic digestion of waste activated sludge (was) were experimentally studied in this research. typical was with total solids (ts) concentrations of 30 and 60 g/l were digested anaerobically in a batch digester at mesophilic and thermophilic temperatures. solids reduction, total cod changes, the production of different volatile fatty ...

X chromosome inactivation ensures equal dosage of X-linked genes between male and female mammals. Two new studies have shown that the initiation of inactivation is preceded by X chromosome pairing; their results implicate this pairing in the choice and counting functions of X chromosome inactivation.

We recently have identified a ubiquitously transcribed mouse Y chromosome gene, Uty , which encodes a tetratricopeptide repeat (TPR) protein. A peptide derived from the UTY protein confers H-Y antigenicity on male cells. Here we report the characterization of a widely transcribed X-linked homologue of Uty , called Utx , which maps to the proximal region of the mouse X chromosome and which detec...

The onset of X-chromosome inactivation was investigated cytologically in postimplantation female mouse embryos of age 5£, 6\ and 1\ days post-coitum (d.p.c.) and in the isolated epiblasts of 6 d.p.c. embryos before primitive streak formation using a heat/hypotonic technique to reveal the inactive X chromosome by differentially dark staining with Giemsa. The results indicate that X inactivation ...

X chromosome inactivation (XCI) is a female-specific mechanism that serves to balance gene dosage between the sexes whereby one X chromosome in females is inactivated during early development. Despite this silencing, a small portion of genes escape inactivation and remain expressed from the inactive X (Xi). Little is known about the distribution of escape from XCI in different tissues in vivo a...