Nardostachys jatamansi or jaṭāmānsī from India was known to the Mesopotamian, one of earliest civilizations world. Its name found in their cuneiform script. It exported Assyria, Arabian countries and Egypt, where it as Sumbul-e-Hind and, Greece under Nardus. The plant is also mentioned Bible Spikenard. In Germany, Nardus indica. a reputed costly incense-herb, perfume, used nerve tonic hysteria,...

Incense ( Styrax sumatrana J. Sm) is a non-timber forest commodity in North Tapanuli Regency. This study aims to map out incense supply chain Tapanuli, analyze the stakeholders who play role, and determine added value of throughout its models. Using snowball sampling, this found different models namely farmers, village collectors, large sub-district district agents, exporters, consumers. Calcul...

abstract background: using non-pharmacological pain relief methods for reducing labor pain has always been one of the major concerns in obstetrics and gynecology. objective: comparing the effects of aromatherapy with jasmine and salvia on pain severity and labor outcome in nulliparous women. materials and methods: in this randomized clinical trial, 156 nulliparous women in labor were randomly s...