Treating protons as de Broglie waves shows that up to a few MeV energies protons experience total external reflection using the index of refraction concept for the target earlier applied to electrons. Angular scattering distributions can be explained by random surface scattering as known for X-rays. Applied to the Chandra and XMM-Newton X-ray telescopes the calculated reflection efficiencies ca...

The effect of energetic Xenon ion bombardment on the extreme ultraviolet (EUV) reflectivity performance of mirrors is of vital importance for the performance of dischargeand laserproduced plasma extreme ultraviolet lithography (EUVL) sources. To study these effects, we measured absolute and relative reflectivities at the National Institute of Standards and Technology and the Interaction of Mate...

This paper studies how increases in energy input costs for production are split between consumers and producers via changes in product prices (i.e., pass-through). We show that in markets characterized by imperfect competition, marginal cost pass-through, a demand elasticity, and a price-cost markup are sufficient to characterize the relative change in welfare between producers and consumers du...

This paper studies how increases in energy input costs for production are split between consumers and producers via changes in product prices (i.e., pass-through). We show that in markets characterized by imperfect competition, marginal cost pass-through, a demand elasticity, and a price-cost markup are sufficient to characterize the relative change in welfare between producers and consumers du...

The incidence of the various types of arrhythmia induced by defibrillation in anesthetized dogs that had had continuous ventricular fibrillation for 30 seconds was studied as a function of the current strength and the duration of the unidirectional rectangular pulse used to terminate the fibrillation. Shocks at 10, 20, 40, 80, and 100 amp with durations in the range of 80 fisec through 64 msec ...

silent brain infarcts (sbi) are associated with an increased risk of subsequent stroke. sbi are incidentally revealed by ct or mri executed in stroke patients. a prospective study was undertaken involving 200 consecutive patients aged >45 years with brain infarct admitted in university of alberta hospital, canada (100 patients) and valie-asr hospital, iran (100 patients) in 2003. patients were ...