Phenotypic differences in analgesic sensitivity to codeine (3-methoxymorphine) results from polymorphisms in cytochrome P450-2D6, which catalyzes O-demethylation of codeine to morphine. However, O-demethylation reportedly is not required for analgesic activity of the 7,8-saturated codeine congeners dihydrocodeine, hydrocodone, and oxycodone. This study determined the potency and efficacy of the...

Background: Initiating a National Poisoning Information Centre (PIC) in Estonia took about 12 years of challenging work on research, training and attracting governmental support and funding. In this study we described the establishment process and the profile of phone calls in the first year which the PIC started to be available full time (24h/day 7days/week).  Methods: This was a descriptive ...

rapid changes in science and technology have made the uncertainty a distinctive feature of our environment. the main reason for such changes is technology, and entrepreneurs are the technology creators. in our country, technological entrepreneurship, which in most authorities’ opinion is the key to technological and economic development, has not been explored so far. although nearly a decade ha...

The record of a new species Echinolaophonte Nicholls, 1941 (Copepoda, Harpacticoida, Laophontidae) from Jeju Island (Korea) formed the basis for detailed and exhaustive phylogenetic revision genus. Comparison all 15 currently assigned to (including Korean species) revealed that its current composition cannot be maintained. relationships within were elucidated through analysis 135 morphological ...

In fragmented forests, many factors can affect plant community establishment, including abiotic factors, below-ground root competition, aboveground seed predation, and seedling herbivory. Little is known about the relative effects of biotic affecting initial stage establishment: gemmation early survival. Here, we carried out a competition exclusion experiment herbivory (including predation) on ...