This study compares the income contribution of forest products with that of farm related activities such as cropping and livestock rearing. Quarterly income data collected over a period of one year are used to compile income profiles for households in two contrasting districts, Mufulira and Kabompo districts in Zambia. Villages in Mufulira are located within easy access to bustling mining towns...

Income distribution and social change, and Abel-Smith and Townsend do no more than confirm his findings. What their present paper concentrates on is the first assumption and their conclusions are startling. Two million people ('the poorest' referred to in the title) are living on incomes below the National Assistance scale plus cost of housing. Of these, two-thirds of a million are children? 5 ...

The basis, and characterization, of pro-poor growth remain a source of debate in the current development literature. The paper sheds light on this debate with an example drawn from an analysis of household panel data from Bangladesh. The objective is to determine if observed rural income growth and the policies supporting this growth have been pro-poor — that is, whether policies and growth hav...

Little is known about attitudes of veterinarians towards antibiotic use and reduction opportunities, and their interaction with farmers herein. Therefore, a questionnaire was developed and sent out to Dutch farm animal veterinarians. The response rate was 40%. Categorical Principal Component Analysis (CATPCA) was conducted on statements measuring attitudes towards the use of antibiotics and red...

OBJECTIVE To understand the critical factors that are likely to influence road traffic fatality rates in large cities around the world in the next few decades. MATERIAL AND METHODS Road traffic fatality data for 56 cities around the world and for cities with a population of greater than 100,000 in the USA were collected and analysed to understand factors affecting differences in fatality rate...

This paper describes the livelihoods and survival strategies of lowincome households in two peri-urban locations in Ibadan, drawing primarily on interviews with 96 women who sell goods from makeshift stalls or who live in poorquality houses. This includes reports of these women’s perceptions of poverty, their incomes (44 per cent earned less than US$ 1 per day) and the strategies they used to a...

abstract this study reviews the direct and indirect effects of higher energy and bread prices (due to removing their subsidies and paying their equivalent in cash instead). therefore, all consumer goods were classified into 6 groups and a linear expenditure system was estimated based on households’ budget data of 2009 and 2011 for urban and rural areas separately. the results indicate that high...

The study evaluated the effect of IFAD credit supply on rural farmers in Rivers State. Data for the study were collected using a structured questionnaire administered to 90 farmer’s beneficiaries using a multi-stage sampling technique. The regression result shows that semi-log function gave the best fit with the highest value of coefficient of multiple determination (R 2 ) of 0.8758 and seven e...

We develop a static simulation model to analyse income losses and income risks at aggregated agriculture sector level. Our empirical case study is based on farm level records for direct payments claims (IACS data) and covers the period 2010–2011. Using Monte Carlo simulations, we investigate the impact of different levels of risk on income trends. Results show that 80% of farms are extremely de...

Agricultural producers have been experiencing significant income pressures, leading to a search for alternative sources of income. One of such is value-added agricultural businesses that allow the farmers to stay on the farm and undertake entrepreneurial ventures to improve their finances. How do farmers make sense of their environment as they consider their options for value-added business ven...