background: antibiotics can be life saving if they are used correctly, and can have unwanted side effects specially resistance with incorrect use. unfortunately in fear of no response, physicians use broad spectrum antibiotics meticulously. in this drug utilization evaluation (due), improper use of vancomycin and five broad-spectrum antibiotics are studied to find faults and solution for this p...

This paper focuses on inconsistencies arising from the use of NPV and CAPM for capital budgeting. It shows that (i) CAPM capital budgeting decision-making based on disequilibrium NPV is deductively inferred by the Capital Asset Pricing Model, (ii) the use of the disequilibrium NPV is widespread in finance both as a decision rule and as a valuation tool, (iii) the disequilibrium NPV does not gua...

We investigate the structure of the Minkowski sum of standard simplices in R. In particular, we investigate the one-dimensional structure, the vertices, their degrees and the edges in the Minkowski sum polytope. 2000 MSC: 52B05, 52B11, 05C07.

Let A be a finite nonempty set of integers. An asymptotic estimate of several dilates sum size was obtained by Bukh. The unique known exact bound concerns the sum |A + k ·A|, where k is a prime and |A| is large. In its full generality, this bound is due to Cilleruelo, Serra and the first author. Let k be an odd prime and assume that |A| > 8kk. A corollary to our main result states that |2 · A +...

Recently, Eisenbrand, Pach, Rothvoß, and Sopher studied the function M(m, n), which is the largest cardinality of a convexly independent subset of the Minkowski sum of some planar point sets P and Q with |P | = m and |Q| = n. They proved that M(m, n) = O(m2/3n2/3+m+n), and asked whether a superlinear lower bound exists for M(n, n). In this note, we show that their upper bound is the best possib...

We have addressed whether the intrinsic 3'-->5' nuclease activity of human RNA polymerase II (pol II) can proofread during transcription in vitro. In the presence of SII, a protein that stimulates the nuclease activity, pol II quantitatively removed misincorporated nucleotides from the nascent transcript during rapid chain extension. The basis of discrimination between the correct and incorrect...

Article history: Available online 17 July 2008