Recently, the arithmetic–geometric index (AG) was introduced, inspired by well-known and studied geometric–arithmetic (GA). In this work, we obtain new bounds on index, improving upon some already known bounds. particular, show families of graphs where such are attained.

In order to obtain the soil water retention curve of an unsaturated soil which is defined as the relationship between water content and suction, extensive laboratory tests are essential. These laboratory tests are usually costly and time consuming. Moreover, for most practical problems, it has been found that approximate unsaturated soil properties are adequate for analysis. Thus, empirical pro...

Topological indices are the real number of a molecular structure obtained via molecular graph G. Topological indices are used for QSPR, QSAR and structural design in chemistry, nanotechnology, and pharmacology. Moreover, physicochemical properties such as the boiling point, the enthalpy of vaporization, and stability can be estimated by QSAR/QSPR models. In this study, the QSPR (Quantitative St...