in order to study the effect of canopy gap size on species diversity and composition in mixed stands, a reserved area which located in asalem forests was selected. all of gaps in this area identified and were divided into four categories: small gaps (1000 m2). in each category, 21 of gaps with a relatively homogeneous in terms of an aspect and slope were selected. the major and minor diameter o...

Anaerobic digestion (AD) is one of the few sustainable technologies that both produce energy and treat waste streams. Driven by a complex and diverse community of microbes, AD may be affected by different factors, many of which also influence the composition and activity of the microbial community. In this study, the biodiversity of microbial populations in innovative mesophilic/thermophilic te...

Aquatic macroinvertebrates, which play a significant role in the food chain of an ecosystem, are used in fresh water quality assessment to identify the environmental stress resulting from a variety of anthropogenic disturbances. Seasonal surveys of macroinvertebrate communities were conducted from April 2013 to March 2014 in Chhariganga oxbow lake of Nadia District of West Bengal, an eastern st...

road construction is one of the effective factors for ecological changes which affects diversity and species composition in forest roads edges. this research was performed in kheirud forest to evaluate herbaceous diversity and tree regeneration establishment in different distances from road edge. for this purpose, we sampled herbaceous and tree species regeneration in 0,5,10,25, 50 and 100 m di...

considering the importance of biodiversity conservation and protection assessment activities, the present filed study was conducted with aim to compare vegetation diversity of two areas with different levels of protection including ghorkhod protected area with seasonal grazing and golestan national park without grazing, during spring and summer of 2011. four replications were selected in each a...

Abstract Aim Biodiversity loss results in reduced ecosystem functioning. However, the relationship between biodiversity and functioning (the BEF relationship) overexploited ecosystems remains controversial largely because of lack validation nature. Therefore, this study, through four seasonal trawl surveys demersal fish assemblages off shelf sea Shandong Province, China, we explored relationshi...

Bark beetles (Coleoptera, Scolytinae) carry a diverse filamentous fungal community sometimes acting as vectors or carriers of phytopathogens. In this study, mycobiota carried by two Tomicus species (Tomicus piniperda and Tomicus destruens) were investigated through (i) morphological and molecular identification of taxa; (ii) taxonomic richness, diversity, evenness, dominance and phoresy indices...